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. 2018 Apr 11;11:236. doi: 10.1186/s13071-018-2823-7

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane-based blood-feeding system. a Wooden holding board. b Inverted Styrofoam cups holding ~ 4 ml of bovine blood on the underside. c Styrofoam cups containing warm water to ensure the blood-meal is at ~ 37 °C temperature, and held in place using the wooden holding board. d Wooden board placed on the top of the cage containing mosquitoes. e, f Mosquitoes feeding through the membrane