Table 2.
Unmatched variables between the two groupsa.
| Without ECMO | With ECMO | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % (95% CI) | N | % (95% CI) | ||
| Chronic condition body system indicator | |||||
| Infectious and parasitic disease | 207 | 25.7 (20.1–32.3) | 315 | 39.3 (32.8–46.1) | 0.004 |
| Blood and blood-forming organs | 257 | 31.9 (25.8–38.6) | 519 | 64.8 (57.8–71.2) | <0.001 |
| Mental disorders | 264 | 32.8 (26.6–39.6) | 128 | 16.0 (11.5–21.7) | <0.001 |
| Circulatory system | 779 | 96.8 (93.0–98.5) | 802 | 100 | 0.014 |
| Respiratory system | 261 | 32.4 (26.2–39.3) | 655 | 81.7 (76.0–86.4) | <0.001 |
| Genitourinary system | 343 | 42.6 (35.9–49.6) | 580 | 72.3 (65.6–78.2) | <0.001 |
| Skin and subcutaneous tissue | 130 | 16.2 (11.7–21.9) | 48 | 6.1 (3.5–10.3) | 0.001 |
| Musculoskeletal system | 233 | 28.9 (23.1–35.5) | 60 | 7.4 (4.7–11.7) | <0.001 |
| Symptoms/signs/ill-defined conditions | 307 | 38.1 (31.7–45.0) | 604 | 75.3 (68.8–80.8) | <0.001 |
| Injury and poisoning | 285 | 35.5 (29.0–42.5) | 478 | 59.6 (52.6–66.2) | <0.001 |
| Health status/contact with health services factors | 537 | 66.7 (59.9–72.9) | 320 | 39.9 (33.6–46.5) | <0.001 |
| Procedures b | |||||
| Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) | 0 | 0 | 802 | 100 | <0.001 |
| Tracheostomy: temporary and permanent | 20 | 2.5 (1.0–5.9) | 81 | 10.2 (6.6–15.4) | 0.002 |
| Diagnostic bronchoscopy and biopsy of bronchus | 25 | 3.0 (1.4–6.5) | 95 | 11.8 (8.2–16.8) | 0.001 |
| Incision of pleura; thoracentesis; chest drainage | 27 | 3.3 (1.5–7.2) | 82 | 10.3 (6.8–15.2) | 0.008 |
| Other Operating Room Rx procedures on respiratory system and mediastinum | 16 | 2.0 (0.7–5.6) | 154 | 19.2 (14.3–25.2) | <0.001 |
| Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | 29 | 3.7 (1.9–6.9) | 118 | 14.8 (10.8–19.9) | <0.001 |
| Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) | 185 | 23.0 (17.8–29.3) | 109 | 13.6 (9.5–19.1) | 0.015 |
| Other Operating Room heart procedures | 39 | 4.9 (2.8–8.4) | 401 | 50.0 (43.0–57.0) | <0.001 |
| Other vascular catheterization, not heart | 189 | 23.5 (18.1–29.9) | 288 | 35.9 (29.8–42.6) | 0.006 |
| Other non-Operating Room therapeutic cardiovascular procedures | 239 | 29.8 (23.9–36.3) | 110 | 13.7 (9.6–19.2) | <0.001 |
| Amputation lower extremity | 42 | 5.2 (2.8–9.6) | 11 | 1.4 (0.4–4.6) | 0.04 |
| Respiratory intubation and mechanical ventilation | 101 | 12.5 (8.7–17.8) | 456 | 56.9 (49.9–63.6) | <0.001 |
| Blood transfusion | 118 | 14.7 (10.5–20.3) | 195 | 24.3 (19.0–30.6) | 0.014 |
| Conversion cardiac rhythm | 28 | 3.5 (1.7–7.1) | 146 | 18.2 (13.6–24.0) | <0.001 |
aThe following variables were not significantly different between cases and controls: chronic conditions of endocrine/nutritional/metabolic and immunity disorders, nervous system and sense organs, digestive system, and involving congenital anomalies; presence of injury diagnosis on record; or presence of unintentional injury. bAll procedures are based on Clinical Classification Software (CCS) procedures except ECMO which is based on the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) procedure codes.