Table 4.

Unadjusted and adjusted outcomes in the matched dataset.

	Unadjusted			Adjusted a
	Mean difference	Standard error	p value	Mean difference	Standard error	p value
Total chargesb	$423,629.3	52,436.6	<0.001	$228,896.0	55,403.8	<0.001
LOSc	9.6	2.7	<0.001	0.8	4.9	0.870
	OR	95% CI	p value	OR	95% CI	p value
Died in the ED/hospital	23.2	11.1–48.4	<0.001	8.5	2.8–25.6	<0.001

^aAbove outcome adjusted for the following variables: significant chronic conditions (infectious and parasitic disease, diseases of blood and blood-forming organs, mental disorders, diseases of the respiratory system, diseases of the genitourinary system, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, symptoms, signs, and ill-defined conditions, injury and poisoning, factors influencing health status, and contact with health services), and selected procedures (temporary and permanent tracheostomy, diagnostic bronchoscopy and biopsy of bronchus; incision of pleura; thoracentesis; chest drainage, other Operating Room Rx procedures on respiratory system and mediastinum; coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; other Operating Room heart procedures; other vascular catheterization, not heart; other non-Operating Room therapeutic cardiovascular procedures; respiratory intubation and mechanical ventilation; blood transfusion; conversion cardiac rhythm). ^bTotal charges in US dollars for combined ED and inpatient services. ^cLength of hospital stay in days.