Table 4.
Changes in Risk Markers (Part 2)
| mTHS | mCC | SA | mTHS vs. mCC | mTHS vs. SA | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arithmetic mean (95% CI) | Arithmetic mean (95% CI) | Arithmetic mean (95% CI) | LS mean difference (95% CI) [p] | LS mean difference (95% CI) [p] | |
| Inflammation | |||||
| WBC (GI/L) | |||||
| Baseline | 5.90 (5.60; 6.19) | 5.76 (5.34; 6.20) | 6.40 (5.75; 7.04) | ||
| Day 90 | 5.54 (5.24; 5.83) | 6.04 (5.54; 6.54) | 5.94 (5.44; 6.44) | −0.57 (−1.03; −0.1) [.0173] | −0.16 (−0.65; 0.33) [.5113] |
| Lipid metabolism | |||||
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||||
| Baseline | 121.3 (113.0; 129.7) | 123.3 (111.3; 135.2) | 111.1 (102.6; 119.6) | ||
| Day 90 | 113.4 (104.7; 122.1) | 114.1 (104.7; 123.6) | 110.5 (102.3; 118.7) | 0.9 (−6.6; 8.3) [.8162] | −4.7 (−12.5; 3.0) [.2270] |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||||
| Baseline | 56.9 (53.8; 60.0) | 60.0 (55.0; 65.1) | 58.4 (53.8; 63.0) | ||
| Day 90 | 60.3 (56.5; 64.2) | 58.5 (53.8; 63.3) | 63.5 (58.4; 68.6) | 4.5 (1.1; 7.9) [.0084] | −1.8 (−5.3; 1.7) [.2944] |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | |||||
| Baseline | 139.5 (123.1; 156.0) | 131.5 (115.3; 147.7) | 112.8 (98.8; 126.8) | ||
| Day 90 | 138.5 (120.4; 156.7) | 137.2 (123.0; 151.5) | 133.1 (110.5; 155.7) | −6.3 (−21.2; 8.7) [.4095] | −18.7 (−34.4; −2.9) [.0199] |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||||
| Baseline | 197.5 (188.9; 206.1) | 201.4 (188.2; 214.6) | 184.4 (174.8; 194.0) | ||
| Day 90 | 191.1 (181.9; 200.3) | 192 (181.7; 202.3) | 189.9 (180.8; 199.1) | 2.0 (−6.7; 10.7) [.6499] | −8.3 (−17.35; 0.75) [.0719] |
| Metabolic syndrome | |||||
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | |||||
| Baseline | 5.17 (5.10; 5.25) | 5.23 (5.14; 5.32) | 5.22 (5.13; 5.32) | ||
| Day 90 | 5.17 (5.09; 5.26) | 5.20 (5.09; 5.32) | 5.18 (5.08; 5.27) | 0.02 (−0.06; 0.10) [.5866] | 0.04 (−0.04; 0.12) [.2981] |
| Body weight (kg) | |||||
| Baseline | 62.35 (59.70; 65.01) | 62.01 (58.74; 65.29) | 62.24 (58.56; 65.91) | ||
| Day 90 | 62.67 (60.00; 65.34) | 62.41 (59.12; 65.71) | 63.79 (60.05; 67.53) | −0.09 (−0.75; 0.57) [.7926] | −1.24 (−1.92; −0.56) [.0004] |
| Waist circumference (cm) | |||||
| Baseline | 87.1 (81.0; 93.1) | 91.0 (81.3; 100.7) | 86.0 (77.6; 94.4) | ||
| Day 90 | 81.0 (77.6; 84.5) | 80.2 (77.9; 82.6) | 80.8 (77.5; 84.1) | 1.6 (−2.4; 5.6) [.4251] | 0.1 (−4.0; 4.2) [.9684] |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Baseline | 110.2 (107.4; 112.9) | 111.0 (107.8; 114.2) | 104.7 (102.2; 107.3) | ||
| Day 90 | 104.2 (101.5; 106.9) | 105.5 (101.3; 109.6) | 102.2 (99.3; 105.2) | −0.59 (−3.80; 2.62) [.7157] | −0.76 (−4.16; 2.65) [.6607] |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | |||||
| Baseline | 67.0 (64.8; 69.3) | 67.5 (65.2; 69.8) | 64.0 (62.0; 66.0) | ||
| Day 90 | 62.8 (60.7; 64.9) | 63.9 (61.0; 66.8) | 62.7 (60.5; 64.9) | −0.68 (−3.04; 1.69) [.5705] | −1.68 (−4.16; 0.79) [.1800] |
| Lung function | |||||
| FEV1 (%pred) | |||||
| Baseline | 94.08 (92.25; 95.92) | 93.46 (89.94; 96.96) | 92.65 (89.46; 95.84) | ||
| Day 91 | 95.54 (93.63; 97.44) | 94.02 (91.18; 96.85) | 94.18 (90.38; 97.97) | 1.91 (−0.14; 3.97) [.0669] | −0.02 (−2.15; 2.11) [.9848] |
CI = confidence interval; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; mCC = menthol cigarettes; mTHS = menthol Tobacco Heating System 2.2; SA = smoking abstinence; WBC = white blood cell count.