Table 3.

Multilevel Model of Cheapest Cigarette Pack (Before Sales Tax) as a Function of Store Type and Neighborhood Demographics: California, 2013^a

	Unadjusted models		Multivariate model		Spatial model
	Coef.	p	Coef.	p	Coef.	p
Level 1 (Store characteristics, n = 6687)
Intercept			4.16	<.001	4.12	<.001
Store type
Convenience	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Pharmacy	0.05	.070	0.04	.133	0.06	.167
Liquor	−0.02	.448	−0.01	.837	−0.01	.868
Small market	0.42	<.001	0.44	<.001	0.44	<.001
Supermarket	0.77	<.001	0.75	<.001	0.77	<.001
Discount store	0.17	.016	0.21	.002	0.21	.006
Gas kiosk	0.16	<.001	0.13	.002	0.14	.002
Tobacco shop/hookah bar	−0.41	<.001	1.75	<.001	−0.37	<.001
Other	1.79	<.001	−0.40	<.001	1.73	<.001
Distance to nearest competitor (miles)	0.04	<.001	0.03	<.001	0.03	<.001
Level 2 (Tract characteristics, n = 1823)
Race/ethnicity
% African American	−0.04	.011	−0.01	.756	−0.02	.459
% Asian/Pacific Islander	0.03	.084	−0.04	.031	−0.05	.029
% Other/multiple race	0.02	.470	0.02	.319	0.02	.407
% Hispanic	−0.14	<.001	0.00	.904	−0.04	.113
Age
% School-age youth (ages 5–17)	−0.20	<.001	-0.17	<.001	−0.12	<.001
% Young adults (ages 18–24)	−0.08	<.001	-0.03	.119	−0.02	.178
Household median income	0.22	<.001	0.22	<.001	0.12	<.001
Population density	0.03	.081	0.09	.003	0.00	.884
Tobacco retailer density (per 1000 residents)	0.00	.824	0.03	.102

^a Level 2 coefficients represent the change in price for one standard deviation increase in respective census measure.