Table 2.
Smoking Variables and Electronic Cigarette Use During Pregnancya
| Variable | Electronic cigarette users (n = 14) | Non-users (n = 89) | p b |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cigarettes per day before pregnancy | 18.0±5.9 | 17.6±4.7 | .515 |
| Nicotine dependence severityc | 4.3±1.6 | 4.2±2.2 | .941 |
| Motivation to quit smoking (0–10) | 8.1±1.3 | 8.4±1.8 | .364 |
| Self-efficacy to quit smoking | 22.4±5.8 | 25.8±6.2 | .057 |
| Smoking quit attempts | .018 | ||
| <2 | 4 (29) | 49 (55) | |
| 3 | 2 (14) | 19 (21) | |
| 4 | 5 (36) | 7 (8) | |
| 4 or greater | 3 (21) | 14 (16) | |
| History of depression or anxiety | .390 | ||
| % Yes | 10 (71) | 51 (57) | |
| History of substance abuse | .043 | ||
| % Yes | 9 (64) | 31 (35) | |
| Mean days of electronic cigarette use | 7.5±10.3 | NA | |
| Frequency of electronic cigarette use per day | 6.4±7.5 | NA | |
| % Using electronic cigarettes in first trimester | 10 (71) | NA | |
| % Recall electronic cigarette brand | 5 (36) | NA | |
| % Using pre-filled cartridges | 7 (50) | NA | |
| Reasons for electronic cigarette used | NA | ||
| To quit smoking | 8 (57) | ||
| To reduce smoking | 5 (36) | ||
| Curiosity | 5 (36) | ||
| Availability | 3 (21) | ||
| Health benefits | 1 (7) |
NA = not applicable.
aResults are reported as mean ± SD, or # of subjects (percent).
bThe t test was applied for continuous variables that are normally distributed and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for non-normal continuous variables. The Fisher’s exact test was applied for binary categorical variables and the chi-square test was used for categorical variables with three or more outcomes.
cFagerstrom Test for Cigarette Dependence.
dParticipants could endorse more than one reason.