Table 4.

Spearman’s Rho (ρ) Correlations of Creatinine-Corrected Urinary 3-HPMA and Cotinine Levels, by Smoking Status and Location of Hookah-Only Event (N = 181/802)^a

3-HPMA (pmol/mg creatinine)	Cotinine (ng/mg creatinine)
	All Hookah-only Social Events		Hookah Lounge Hookah-only Social Event		Home Hookah-only Social Event
	ρ	p	ρ	p	ρ	p
Hookah Smokers
Post eventb	0.365	<0.001	0.366	0.012	0.372	0.013
Pre-to-post changec	0.359	0.001	0.289	0.050	0.423	0.004
Non-Smokers
Post event	0.373	<0.001	0.501	<0.001	0.286	0.057
Pre-to-post change	0.229	0.029	0.369	0.012	0.183	0.230

^aParticipants who had both pre event and post event valid 3-HPMA assay values / number of participants who attended event.

^bPost hookah-only social event urinary values: 3-HPMA correlated with cotinine.

^cChange in urinary values pre-to-post hookah-only social events: change in 3-HPMA correlated with change in cotinine.

All statistical tests were two-tailed; statistical significance was set to α ≤ 0.05 (bold).