Table 1.

Characteristics of publications included in systematic review.

	First Author (Year)	Study Design	Purpose	Age Range or Mean (SD) of n (in Years)	Sample Size	Racial/Ethnic Group n (% of Total Sample)	Explicit Focus on Race or Ethnicity	Group Difference Found in Driving Outcome
1	Edwards (2017) [18]	Retrospective Longitudinal	Impact of hearing impairment on driving mobility	63–90	500	African American 57 (11.4%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	Minority race associated with baseline-restricted mobility
2	Carr (2016) [12]	Prospective Longitudinal	Examine functional impairments and comorbidities on driving performance	64.9–88.2	129	African American 12 (9.3%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	No
3	Choi (2015) [16]	Randomized Controlled Trial	Examine gender and racial disparities in life-space constriction in later life	73.6 (5.9)	2765	African American 726 (26.2%)	Yes	African Americans have more life-space constriction at baseline but are stable over time
4	Choi (2014) [13]	Retrospective Longitudinal	Association between driving status and cognitive functioning in later life	71.9 (4.4)	9135	Mixed 1251 (13.6%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	No
5	Choi (2013) [14]	Retrospective Longitudinal	Characterize former vs. never drivers over 15 years	77.4 (4.44) and 77.4 (4.77)	3098	African Americans 539 (17.3%), Hispanics 327 (10.5%), Other 77 (2.4%)	Yes	Minority race was significant predicted to have never driven
6	Dugan (2013) [17]	Retrospective Longitudinal	Biopsychosocial risk factors associated with driving cessation	75.10 (7.16)	17,349	Mixed 3643 (20.9%)	Yes	Minority race a risk factor for current and future driving cessation
7	Green (2013) [20]	Retrospective Longitudinal	Examine sensory impairment as risk factor for crashes among older drives	70–99	1998	African American 350 (17.5%), Other 9 (<1%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	No
8	Choi (2012) [15]	Randomized Controlled Trial	Examine gender and racial disparities in driving cessation	73.54 (5.88)	2645	African American 394 (14.9%), Other 17 (0.06%)	Yes	Minority race more likely to stop driving faster in later life
9	Ball (2010) [11]	Randomized Controlled Trial	Examine the effect of cognitive training on subsequent crashes among older adults	65–91	908	African American 164 (18.0%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	No
10	Munro (2010) [23]	Cross-sectional	Examine risk factors that predict lane-changing errors in older adults	67–87	1080	African American 129 (11.9%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	No
11	Edwards (2009) [19]	Prospective Longitudinal	Examine driving status as a predictor of mortality among older adults	73.16 (2.77)	660	African American 94 (14.2%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	No
12	Lunsman (2008) [21]	Randomized Controlled Trial	Examine what factors predict change in visual processing	65–94	690	African American 185 (26.8%), Other 9 (1.3%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	No
13	Okonkwo (2008) [24]	Prospective Longitudinal	Examine self-regulation of older adults via driving habits and visual attention	75–100.44	1543	Other 41 (2.6%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	No
14	Owsley (2002) [26]	Prospective Longitudinal	Examine cataract surgery as a risk factor for crashes among older adults	71.2 (6.6) and 71.5 (5.4)	277	Other 37 (13.3%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	No
15	MacGregor (2001) [22]	Prospective Longitudinal	Examine if traffic sign test can distinguish older adult driver who crashed	65–91	120	Other 21 (17.5%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	No
16	Sims (2000) [27]	Prospective Longitudinal	Identify medical and functional risk factors for at-fault crashes	57–91	174	African American 26 (14.9%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	No
17	Sims (1998) [28]	Cross-sectional Case-control	Identify medical and functional risk factors for at-fault crashes	57–91	174	African American 26 (14.9%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	African American race was associated with more at-fault crashes
18	Owsley (1998) [25]	Prospective Longitudinal	Examine visual processing impairment as a risk factor for crashes	55–87	294	African American 56 (19%)	No—Race/Ethnicity treated as covariate	No