Fig. 2.

Effect of AD on mitochondrial dynamics. AD-induced mitochondrial respiratory function abnormality orchestrates ROS generation and accumulation and subsequently activates ERK signal transduction. Activation of ERK signaling disrupts mitochondrial dynamics and results in altered DLP1 and Mfn2 expression, which eventually leads to mitochondrial dysfunction. Inhibition of DLP1 or Mfn2 expression attenuates AD- or MCI-derived mitochondrial and neuronal dysfunction (Mdivi-1, an inhibitor for DLP1).