Table I.
Sample Characteristics
| Characteristics | Sample | Asthma | No asthma | Group differences | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 246 | 216 | 130 | ||
| Socio-contextual characteristics | |||||
| Child age in years, M (95% CI) | 8.28 (8.19–8.37) | 8.27 (8.16–8.39) | 8.28 (8.15–8.42) | F (1,237) < 1.0 | ωp2 < .01 |
| Male (%) | 53.0 | 53.0 | 53.1 | Χ2 < .01 | ϕ < .01 |
| Caregiver race/ethnicity** (%) | Χ2= 15.03** | ϕ = .20 | |||
| Black | 33.0 | 33.3 | 35.4 | ||
| Latino | 45.1 | 51.0 | 33.8 | ||
| Non-Latino White | 20.8 | 15.7 | 30.8 | ||
| Caregiver education, Myrs (95% CI) | |||||
| Male head of the household | 12.15 (11.79–12.50) | 11.94 (11.48–12.40) | 12.49 (11.94–13.05) | F (1,194) = 2.21 | ωp2 < .01 |
| Female head of the household | 12.50 (11.97–13.04) | 12.30 (11.97–12.63) | 12.92 (11.39–14.45) | F (1,358) = 1.12 | ωp2 < .01 |
| Poor asthma control (%) | 41 | ||||
| Prescribed asthma controller meds (%) | – | 74 | – | ||
| Use of daily asthma controller (%) | – | 74.5 | |||
| Income-to-needs ratio* | 0.99 | 0.90 | 1.08 | F (1,351) = 6.96* | ωp2 = .02 |
| Neighborhood risk index, M (95% CI) | 4.94 | 5.06 | 4.70 | F (1,371) = 2.20 | ωp2 < .01 |
| Total number of people in household | 4.63 (4.46–4.80) | 4.59 (4.41–4.87) | 4.62 (4.37–4.85) | F (1,377) < 1.0 | ωp2 < .01 |
| Sleep hygiene | |||||
| Total sleep hygiene,*M (95% CI) | 4.51 (4.45–4.58) | 4.49 (4.41–4.57) | 4.63 (4.53–4.74) | F (1,339) = 4.53* | ωp2 = .01 |
| Physiological* | 4.50 (4.41–4.61) | 4.42 (4.31–4.57) | 4.65 (4.48–4.82) | F (1,338) = 4.46* | ωp2 = .01 |
| Cognitive | 3.40 (3.28–3.52) | 3.31 (3.17–3.47) | 3.55 (3.35–3.75) | F (1,338) = 3.50 | ωp2 = .01 |
| Emotional | 5.49 (5.41–5.57) | 5.45 (5.35–5.55) | 5.56 (5.43–5.69) | F (1,337) = 1.55 | ωp2< .01 |
| Environmental | 5.34 (5.28–5.42) | 5.33 (5.24–5.41) | 5.39 (5.28–5.50) | F (1,339) = 1.10 | ωp2< .01 |
| Bedtime routine | 3.74 (3.59–3.90) | 3.68 (3.48–3.88) | 3.86 (3.60–4.11) | F (1,337) = 1.09 | ωp2< .01 |
| Sleep stability | 4.79 (4.71–4.87) | 4.78 (4.69–4.89) | 4.79 (4.66–4.93) | F (1,339) < 1.0 | ωp2< .001 |
| Sleep environment | |||||
| Shares a bed (%) | 51.5 | 50.8 | 52.8 | Χ2= 0.82 | ϕ = .03 |
| Shares a bedroom (%) | 36.9 | 35.4 | 39.7 | Χ2= 0.42 | ϕ = .04 |
| Sleep shifting (%) | 25.5 | 27.8 | 21.0 | Χ2= 0.16 | ωp2< .001 |
| Neighborhood noises, M (95% CI) | 1.39 (1.30–1.48) | 1.45 (1.33–1.58) | 1.27 (1.16–1.38) | F (1,339) = 3.55 | ωp2 = .01 |
| Home noises,*M (95% CI) | 1.41 (1.32–1.50) | 1.49 (1.36–1.61) | 1.27 (1.17–1.38) | F (1,339) = 5.37* | ωp2 = .02 |
| Sleep outcomes | |||||
| Sleep duration, M (95% CI) | 9.27 (9.20–9.34) | 9.26 (9.18–9.34) | 9.29 (9.18–9.40) | F (1,323) < 1.0 | ωp2 < .01 |
| Sleep efficiency,**M (95% CI) | 87.00 (86.63–87.37) | 86.57 (86.08–87.06) | 87.81 (87.29–88.33) | F (1,323) = 10.15** | ωp2 = .03 |
| Daytime sleepiness,**M (95% CI) | 13.56 (13.21–13.92) | 14.09 (13.64–14.54) | 12.44 (11.91–12.96) | F (1,320) = 19.11** | ωp2 = .06 |
*
p ≤ .05; ** p ≤ .01.