Table II.

Summary of Findings: Cognitive/Behavioral Interventions to Reduce Pediatric Dog-Bite Injury

Outcomes	Illustrative probable outcomes (95% CI)		Number of participantsa (studies)	Quality of the evidence (GRADE)	Notes
	Control	Intervention
Safety knowledge		The mean knowledge change in the intervention groups was 0.79 SDs higher (0.61–0.98 higher)	1,104 (8 studies)	⊕⊝⊝⊝ Very lowb	g = 0.79 (0.61–0.98) Results were statistically significant
Safe behavior		The mean behavioral change in the intervention groups was 1.04 SDs higher (0.20–1.88 higher)	764 (4 studies)	⊕⊕⊝⊝ Lowc	g = 1.04 (0.20–1.88) Results were statistically significant

Note. GRADE Working Group grades of evidence:

High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.

Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.

Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.

Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.

^aParticipant sample size is less than that shown in Table I owing to data available for meta-analysis.

^bQuality of the evidence was downgraded for study design, risk of bias, and indirectness.

^cQuality of the evidence was downgraded for study design, risk of bias, and indirectness, and upgraded for large beneficial effect sizes.