Table II.

Differences in Parent-Reported Executive Function by Demographic and Clinical Characteristics

	GEC	Initiate	Inhibit	Shift	WM
Sex
Female	50.00	50.85	47.84	49.50	52.44
Male	52.73	54.00	50.00	52.54	54.70
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic	51.99	53.01	49.32	51.37	53.98
Other	46.07	47.43	45.64	48.00	49.29
Income (USD)
<40,000	55.47*	55.09	53.88*	56.28*	56.94
40,000–80,000	47.34	48.50	46.36	47.70	49.73
>80,000	52.26	54.29	47.67	50.26	54.86
Treatment type
Insulin pump	51.51	53.61	48.42	50.49	53.61
Injection	51.08	51.08	49.31	51.39	53.41
ADHD diagnosis
Yes	56.00	58.44	49.78	51.22	63.67*
No	50.87	51.81	48.85	50.95	52.57
PHQ-9
Yes	53.43	52.86	50.14	56.71	55.43
No	51.16	52.32	48.78	50.58	53.39

Note. ADHD = attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; BRIEF =Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function; GEC = Global Executive Composite, WM = Working Memory scale; PHQ-9 = Pediatric Health Questionnaire; USD = U.S. Dollar; T scores are presented.

^*p < .01;

^**p < .001.