Table 4.
Comparisons of results of gait parameters between baseline and after exercise intervention in exercise group 2
| Gait parameters | Exercise group 1 (N=15)
|
Exercise group 2 (N=13)
|
Significance (two-tailed) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| All_FTI | 57.7±9.2 | 52.0±5.7 | 0.015 |
| All_PeakF | 116.4±9.4 | 116.4±9.9 | 0.937 |
| All_MeanP | 203.6±36.1 | 195.0±45.5 | 0.209 |
| All_PeakP | 534.8±69.4 | 530.3±110.8 | 0.814 |
| All_PTI | 208.5±41.6 | 187.9±35.3 | 0.034 |
| M01_FTI | 15.2±2.6 | 14.6±2.0 | 0.480 |
| M01_PeakF | 67.5±10.3 | 72.2±7.7 | 0.209 |
| M01_MeanP | 86.8±13.9 | 91.0±13.7 | 0.439 |
| M01_PeakP | 293.1±59.8 | 306.7±48.3 | 0.583 |
| M01_PTI | 66.1±10.6 | 63.8±11.7 | 0.583 |
| M02_FTI | 5.7±2.9 | 4.7±2.2 | 0.019 |
| M02_PeakF | 21.7±9.0 | 20.6±9.0 | 0.308 |
| M02_MeanP | 49.8±14.3 | 46.0±12.9 | 0.136 |
| M02_PeakP | 146.9±27.7 | 144.3±31.2 | 0.784 |
| M02_PTI | 42.9±16.0 | 36.0±10.6 | 0.019 |
| M03_FTI | 31.0±4.7 | 27.4±4.1 | 0.019 |
| M03_PeakF | 91.3±5.4 | 90.0±5.7 | 0.638 |
| M03_MeanP | 186.5±34.9 | 179.3±39.7 | 0.086 |
| M03_PeakP | 487.6±72.4 | 467.7±102.6 | 0.019 |
| M03_PTI | 147.4±30.6 | 128.7±34.4 | 0.075 |
| M04_FTI | 3.9±1.3 | 3.6±1.1 | 0.388 |
| M04_PeakF | 16.8±4.8 | 17.7±5.5 | 0.388 |
| M04_MeanP | 116.2±39.8 | 113.6±42.7 | 0.695 |
| M04_PeakP | 366.4±89.8 | 381.1±108.2 | 0.530 |
| M04_PTI | 94.0±51.2 | 80.3±30.3 | 0.406 |
| M05_FTI | 2.0±1.3 | 1.7±1.0 | 0.129 |
| M05_PeakF | 8.4±4.1 | 8.4±3.9 | 0.875 |
| M05_MeanP | 62.8±35.0 | 62.4±29.6 | 0.036 |
| M05_PeakP | 193.4±97.2 | 208.8±91.1 | 0.065 |
| M05_PTI | 52.0±36.9 | 44.6±20.5 | 0.209 |
| M06_FTI | 15.2±3.6 | 12.9±2.3 | 0.532 |
| M06_PeakF | 44.9±7.0 | 42.9±5.6 | 0.583 |
| M06_MeanP | 158.5±24.4 | 153.2±19.9 | 0.027 |
| M06_PeakP | 404.1±43.6 | 381.4±57.3 | 0.062 |
| M06_PTI | 122.5±18.9 | 106.3±17.6 | 0.028 |
Note: Significant differences in bold case.
Abbreviations: FTI, force–time integral in an anatomical area; PTI, pressure–time integral; PeakF, applied local force – maximum vertical ground reaction force; PeakP, maximum applied local pressure; MeanP, maximum mean applied pressure; M01, hindfoot; M02, midfoot; M03, medial forefoot; M04, hallux; M05, toes; M06, lateral forefoot.