. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 12.

Published in final edited form as: Child Abuse Negl. 2017 Apr 28;69:40–48. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.004

Table 4.

Association between the ACE Measure and Depression and Binge Drinking, Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI). Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2010.^a

	Current Depression	Diagnosed Depression	Binge Drinking
Sex (Male, reference)
Female	1.39 (1.13–1.73)^*	1.63 (1.34–1.98)^*	0.45 (0.40–0.51)^*
Race/Ethnicity (White, reference)
Non-Hispanic, Black	1.22 (0.86–1.74)^NS	0.84 (0.58–1.22)^NS	0.51 (0.38–0.70)^*
Hispanic	0.69 (0.45–1.07)^NS	0.69 (0.41–1.14)^NS	0.63 (0.49–0.83)^*
ACE Type (Neither, reference)
Child Abuse	1.86 (1.36–2.55)^*	1.74 (1.32–2.28)^*	1.39 (1.18–1.65)^*
Household Challenges	2.41 (1.69–3.42)^*	1.81 (1.34–2.44)^*	1.36 (1.12–1.65)^*
Both	5.58 (4.32–7.22)^*	4.91 (3.91–6.16)^*	1.49 (1.29–1.72)^*

Note: Models adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and sex.

NS = Not significant.

Significance level: p < 0.05.

5 states included the ACE and Anxiety/Depression Modules, 10 states and D.C. included the ACE module and Alcohol Measures from the core survey.