Table 2.
Mean (Standard Error of the Mean) Smoke Toxicant Concentration (Yield/Volume)
| Toxicant | Dyad | Singleton | Toxicant | Dyad | Singleton |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon monoxide (mg/L) | 2.35* (0.11) | 2.03 (0.13) | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (ng/L) | ||
| Nitric oxide (µg/L) | 5.70 (0.33) | 4.85 (0.32) | Naphtalene | 4.3 (0.52) | 3.96 (0.58) |
| Tar (mg/L) | 11.50* (0.57) | 7.87 (0.95) | Acenaphtylene | 2.85 (0.28) | 2.93 (0.51) |
| Nicotine (mg/L) | 0.04* (0.00) | 0.029 (0.003) | Acenaphtene | 0.31 (0.15) | 0.21 (0.07) |
| Volatile aldehydes (µg/L) | Fluorene | 2.14 (0.91) | 1.11 (0.25) | ||
| Formaldehyde | 0.49 (0.05) | 0.57 (0.06) | Phenanthrene | 12.57(1.48) | 10.15 (1.65) |
| Acetaldehyde | 5.65 (0.56) | 4.61 (0.44) | Anthracene | 3.76* (0.49) | 2.66 (0.38) |
| Acetone | 1.52 (0.23) | 1.06 (0.15) | Fluoranthene | 9.84 (0.88) | 8.14 (1.14) |
| Acrolein | 0.03 (0.01) | 0.011 (0.008) | Pyrene | 9.72 (0.90) | 8.19 (1.01) |
| Propionaldehyde | 0.64* (0.09) | 0.46 (0.06) | Benzo[a]anthracene | 2.00 (0.42) | 1.79 (0.29) |
| Crotonaldehyde | 0.04 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | Chrysene | 2.13 (0.26) | 1.97 (0.25) |
| Methacrolein | 0.14 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.02) | Benzo[k]fluoranthene | 1.66 (0.11) | 1.58 (0.17) |
| Butyraldehyde | 0.47* (0.03) | 0.38 (0.03) | Benzo[a]pyrene | 3.07 (0.22) | 2.77 (0.25) |
| Valeraldehyde | 0.35 (0.04) | 0.37 (0.07) | Benzo[g,h,i]perylene | 0.81 (0.10) | 0.83 (0.14) |
| Total aldehydes | 9.32 (0.95) | 7.56 (0.71) | Dibenz[a,h]anthracene | ND | ND |
| Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene | 1.40 (0.12) | 1.37 (0.17) | |||
| Total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon | 56.56 (5.51) | 47.66 (5.43) |
*Indicates a significance difference between Dyad and Singleton on that measure ( N = 22; P < .05; paired sample t test, equal variances not assumed).