Fig 1. Schematic framework for malaria schistosomiasis co-infection model to evaluation of integrated control programs.

(A) Individuals enter the model either disease-free (left) or infected with schistosomiasis (right). Diagram shows transition between disease states of the modeled population (arrows). Praziquantel MDA is assumed effective in curing schistosomiasis in all individuals with access to treatment. Blue = malaria, red = schistosomiasis (schisto.), and purple = co-infection. (B) The model performs two simulations for each user submission to the decision support tool. The current (non-integrated) simulation delivers control measures with timing specified by the user. The Integrated simulation aligns all interventions to occur at the same time. For non-seasonal transmission, interventions are aligned to all occur at the earliest intervention time specified by the user. For seasonal transmission, all control measures are delivered one month prior to the start of malaria season. Malaria prevalence estimates for these two simulations are compared to evaluate the potential benefits of integration.