Table 2. Infant mortality by maternal and infants’ characteristics (singleton live births, England and Wales, 2006–2012).
Characteristics | Infant deaths | Total live births | Infant mortality rate | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
per 1,000 live births (95% CI) | |||||
All | 15,001 | 4,634,932 | 3.24 | 3.19 | 3.29 |
Infant’s ethnic group | |||||
White British | 8,634 | 3,009,231 | 2.87 | 2.81 | 2.93 |
Other White | 838 | 340,526 | 2.46 | 2.30 | 2.63 |
Indian | 473 | 132,651 | 3.57 | 3.26 | 3.90 |
Pakistani | 1,247 | 180,269 | 6.92 | 6.55 | 7.31 |
Bangladeshi | 277 | 62,948 | 4.40 | 3.91 | 4.95 |
Black Caribbean | 285 | 47,505 | 6.00 | 5.34 | 6.74 |
Black African | 797 | 154,076 | 5.17 | 4.83 | 5.54 |
Mixed/Other | 1,431 | 419,970 | 3.41 | 3.24 | 3.59 |
Not stated | 1,019 | 287,756 | 3.54 | 3.33 | 3.77 |
Sex of infant | |||||
Male | 8,465 | 2,377,766 | 3.56 | 3.49 | 3.64 |
Female | 6,536 | 2,257,166 | 2.90 | 2.83 | 2.97 |
Infant’s year of birth | |||||
2006 | 2,303 | 631,705 | 3.65 | 3.50 | 3.80 |
2007 | 2,383 | 646,902 | 3.68 | 3.54 | 3.83 |
2008 | 2,241 | 663,918 | 3.38 | 3.24 | 3.52 |
2009 | 2,130 | 659,807 | 3.23 | 3.09 | 3.37 |
2010 | 2,042 | 671,265 | 3.04 | 2.91 | 3.18 |
2011 | 2,033 | 675,075 | 3.01 | 2.88 | 3.15 |
2012 | 1,869 | 686,260 | 2.72 | 2.60 | 2.85 |
Gestational age (completed weeks) | |||||
Under 28 | 5,078 | 13,999 | 362.74 | 354.81 | 370.74 |
28–31 | 1,354 | 26,694 | 50.72 | 48.15 | 53.42 |
32–33 | 595 | 31,506 | 18.89 | 17.44 | 20.45 |
34–36 | 1,498 | 186,316 | 8.04 | 7.64 | 8.46 |
37–38 | 2,275 | 851,555 | 2.67 | 2.56 | 2.78 |
39–41 | 3,981 | 3,344,894 | 1.19 | 1.15 | 1.23 |
42 | 220 | 179,968 | 1.22 | 1.07 | 1.40 |
Age of mother, years | |||||
Under 18 | 423 | 76,687 | 5.52 | 5.02 | 6.07 |
18–19 | 962 | 199,193 | 4.83 | 4.53 | 5.14 |
20–24 | 3,331 | 886,858 | 3.76 | 3.63 | 3.89 |
25–29 | 3,975 | 1,265,724 | 3.14 | 3.04 | 3.24 |
30–34 | 3,527 | 1,295,682 | 2.72 | 2.63 | 2.81 |
35–39 | 2,118 | 738,929 | 2.87 | 2.75 | 2.99 |
40–44 | 623 | 163,080 | 3.82 | 3.53 | 4.13 |
45 and over | 42 | 8,779 | 4.78 | 3.54 | 6.47 |
Deprivation quintile | |||||
1 (most deprived) | 5,566 | 1,261,026 | 4.41 | 4.30 | 4.53 |
2 | 3,665 | 1,031,727 | 3.55 | 3.44 | 3.67 |
3 | 2,408 | 862,178 | 2.79 | 2.68 | 2.91 |
4 | 1,834 | 771,250 | 2.38 | 2.27 | 2.49 |
5 (least deprived) | 1,528 | 708,751 | 2.16 | 2.05 | 2.27 |
Mother’s country of residence | |||||
England | 14,237 | 4,402,845 | 3.23 | 3.18 | 3.29 |
Wales | 764 | 232,087 | 3.29 | 3.07 | 3.53 |
Mother’s country of birtha | |||||
UK | 10,955 | 3,507,324 | 3.12 | 3.07 | 3.18 |
Non-UK | 4,043 | 1,127,465 | 3.59 | 3.48 | 3.70 |
Marital status/registration type | |||||
Married | 7,210 | 2,499,063 | 2.89 | 2.82 | 2.95 |
Joint registration/same address | 4,433 | 1,398,935 | 3.17 | 3.08 | 3.26 |
Joint registration/different address | 2,001 | 450,500 | 4.44 | 4.25 | 4.64 |
Sole registration | 1,357 | 286,434 | 4.74 | 4.49 | 5.00 |
a Numbers based on study population excluding records with missing data on mother’s country of birth (n = 143 in total)