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. 2018 Apr 12;13(4):e0195146. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195146

Table 2. Infant mortality by maternal and infants’ characteristics (singleton live births, England and Wales, 2006–2012).

Characteristics Infant deaths Total live births Infant mortality rate
per 1,000 live births (95% CI)
All 15,001 4,634,932 3.24 3.19 3.29
Infant’s ethnic group
White British 8,634 3,009,231 2.87 2.81 2.93
Other White 838 340,526 2.46 2.30 2.63
Indian 473 132,651 3.57 3.26 3.90
Pakistani 1,247 180,269 6.92 6.55 7.31
Bangladeshi 277 62,948 4.40 3.91 4.95
Black Caribbean 285 47,505 6.00 5.34 6.74
Black African 797 154,076 5.17 4.83 5.54
Mixed/Other 1,431 419,970 3.41 3.24 3.59
Not stated 1,019 287,756 3.54 3.33 3.77
Sex of infant
Male 8,465 2,377,766 3.56 3.49 3.64
Female 6,536 2,257,166 2.90 2.83 2.97
Infant’s year of birth
2006 2,303 631,705 3.65 3.50 3.80
2007 2,383 646,902 3.68 3.54 3.83
2008 2,241 663,918 3.38 3.24 3.52
2009 2,130 659,807 3.23 3.09 3.37
2010 2,042 671,265 3.04 2.91 3.18
2011 2,033 675,075 3.01 2.88 3.15
2012 1,869 686,260 2.72 2.60 2.85
Gestational age (completed weeks)
Under 28 5,078 13,999 362.74 354.81 370.74
28–31 1,354 26,694 50.72 48.15 53.42
32–33 595 31,506 18.89 17.44 20.45
34–36 1,498 186,316 8.04 7.64 8.46
37–38 2,275 851,555 2.67 2.56 2.78
39–41 3,981 3,344,894 1.19 1.15 1.23
42 220 179,968 1.22 1.07 1.40
Age of mother, years
Under 18 423 76,687 5.52 5.02 6.07
18–19 962 199,193 4.83 4.53 5.14
20–24 3,331 886,858 3.76 3.63 3.89
25–29 3,975 1,265,724 3.14 3.04 3.24
30–34 3,527 1,295,682 2.72 2.63 2.81
35–39 2,118 738,929 2.87 2.75 2.99
40–44 623 163,080 3.82 3.53 4.13
45 and over 42 8,779 4.78 3.54 6.47
Deprivation quintile
1 (most deprived) 5,566 1,261,026 4.41 4.30 4.53
2 3,665 1,031,727 3.55 3.44 3.67
3 2,408 862,178 2.79 2.68 2.91
4 1,834 771,250 2.38 2.27 2.49
5 (least deprived) 1,528 708,751 2.16 2.05 2.27
Mother’s country of residence
England 14,237 4,402,845 3.23 3.18 3.29
Wales 764 232,087 3.29 3.07 3.53
Mother’s country of birtha
UK 10,955 3,507,324 3.12 3.07 3.18
Non-UK 4,043 1,127,465 3.59 3.48 3.70
Marital status/registration type
Married 7,210 2,499,063 2.89 2.82 2.95
Joint registration/same address 4,433 1,398,935 3.17 3.08 3.26
Joint registration/different address 2,001 450,500 4.44 4.25 4.64
Sole registration 1,357 286,434 4.74 4.49 5.00

a Numbers based on study population excluding records with missing data on mother’s country of birth (n = 143 in total)