Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients carrying the 591, 106, 002 and other ribotypes.
| Ribotype 591 | Ribotype 106 | Ribotype 002 | Other ribotypes | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Total = 27 | Total = 12 | Total = 11 | Total = 91 | ||
| Male | 15 (55.6) | 4 (33.3) | 5 (45.5) | 49 (53.8) | 0.548† |
| Female | 12 (44.4) | 8 (66.7) | 6 (54.5) | 42 (46.2) | |
| Age | |||||
| Median | 65 | 66 | 65 | 61 | 0.614† |
| IQR | 49–81 | 23–79 | 47–76 | 45–75 | |
| Hospital service | |||||
| Internal medicine | 18 (66.7) | 8 (66.7) | 8 (72.7) | 64 (70.3) | 0.972† |
| Surgery | 5 (18.5) | 2 (16.7) | 0 | 18 (19.8) | 0.510# |
| Hematology | 2 (7.4) | 1 (8.3) | 0 | 3 (3.3) | 0.482# |
| ICU | 4 (14.8) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (18.2) | 13 (14.3) | 0.930# |
| SCU | 2 (7.4) | 0 | 1 (9.1) | 3 (3.3) | 0.377# |
| Orthopedic | 5 (18.5) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (9.1) | 9 (9.9) | 0.579# |
| Nephrology | 2 (7.4) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (9.1) | 9 (9.9) | 1.000# |
| Risk factors | |||||
| Older 65 years | 13 (48.1) | 6 (50.0) | 5 (45.5) | 39 (42.9) | 0.942† |
| Abdominal surgery | 5 (18.5) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (9.1) | 19 (20.9) | 0.756# |
| Previous endoscopy | 4 (14.8) | 2 (16.7) | 0 | 23 (25.3) | 0.213# |
| Nasogastric tube | 6 (22.2) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (9.1) | 23 (25.3) | 0.776# |
| Steroids | 8 (29.6) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (27.3) | 24 (26.4) | 0.950# |
| Gastric acid suppressants | 8 (29.6) | 1 (8.3) | 3 (27.3) | 28 (30.8) | 0.467# |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 24 (88.9) | 11 (91.7) | 9 (81.8) | 69 (75.8) | 0.336† |
| Dialysis | 7 (25.9) | 3 (25.0) | 2 (18.2) | 12 (13.2) | 0.313# |
| Stay ICU before symptoms | 11 (40.7) | 4 (33.3) | 1 (9.1) | 21 (23.1) | 0.157# |
| Laboratory Data | |||||
| White blood cells | |||||
| Median | 11700 | 11015 | 11330 | 8770 | 0.008† |
| IQR | 6510–16800 | 9100–14425 | 9510–20260 | 6900–17600 | |
| WBC severity scoring | |||||
| WBC < 15.000 cell/mm3* | 19 (70.4) | 10 (83.3) | 8 (72.7) | 63 (69.2) | |
| WBC 15.000–34.999 cells/mm3* | 6 (22.2) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (9.1) | 27 (29.7) | 0.047† |
| WBC ≥ 35.000 cell/mm3* | 2 (7.4) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (18.9) | 1 (1.1) | |
| C-Reactive protein | |||||
| Median | 7.86 | 8.35 | 9.96 | 9.14 | 0.036† |
| IQR | 3.41–12.8 | 2.13–10.7 | 4.06–18.3 | 3.06–18.0 | 0.008† |
| Clinical signs and symptoms | |||||
| Fever | 6 (22.2) | 3 (25) | 1 (9.1) | 14 (15.4) | 0.616# |
| Abdominal distention | 5 (18.5) | 3 (25) | 2 (18.2) | 26 (28.6) | 0.603# |
| Ileus | 4 (14.8) | 0 | 0 | 2 (2.2) | 0.707# |
| Hypotension | 3 (11.1) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (9.1) | 9 (9.9) | 0.954# |
| Loss of consciousness | 3 (11.1) | 0 | 0 | 2 (2.2) | 0.157# |
| Multiorgan failure | 1 (3.7) | 0 | 0 | 4 (4.4) | 0.365# |
| Colitis by tomography | 2 (7.4) | 0 | 0 | 4 (4.4) | 0.697# |
| Discharge** | |||||
| Death | 5 (18.5) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (9.1) | 17 (18.7) | 0.856# |
| Improve symptoms | 21 (77.8) | 10 (83.3) | 10 (90.9) | 73 (80.2) | |
| Other infections*** | 14 (51.9) | 6 (50.0) | 5 (45.4) | 54 (59.3) | 0.736† |
| Previous usage of antibiotics | |||||
| Carbapenems | 13 (48.1) | 4 (33.3) | 2 (18.2) | 29 (31.9) | 0.309# |
| Cephalosporins | |||||
| 3rd generation | 4 (14.8) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (18.2) | 12 (13.2) | 0.912† |
| 4th generation | 2 (7.4) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (9.1) | 10 (10.9) | 0.840# |
| Macrolides | 7 (25.9) | 0 | 1 (9.1) | 5 (5.5) | 0.014# |
| Metronidazole | 3 (11.1) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (18.2) | 11 (12.1) | 0.820# |
CDI, Clostridium difficile infection; ICU, intensive care unit; SCU, special care unit.
*According to severity scoring system of Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of Clostridium difficile infections.
**One patient carrying the ribotype 591 was transferred to a different hospital
***Primary bacteremia, urinary tract infection, pneumonia.
# Fisher’s exact test
† Chi-square’s test