Table 4. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for PCa based on prescriptions of lower urinary-tract infection-related antibiotics.
| Cases N (%) |
Controls N (%) |
Crude 0R | 95% CI | Adjusted OR | 95% CI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of antibiotic prescriptions | ||||||
| None | 5237 (59.77) | 28199 (64.37) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.001 | Ref. |
| 1–3 | 2961 (33.79) | 13030 (29.74) | 0.96 | (0.85–1.08) | 1.02 | (0.90–1.15) |
| 4–6 | 376 (4.29) | 1736 (3.96) | 1.01 | (0.82–1.26) | 1.06 | (0.85–1.33) |
| 7–9 | 106 (1.21) | 462 (1.05) | 0.95 | (0.75–1.21) | 1.05 | (0.82–1.34) |
| 10+ | 82 (0.94) | 379 (0.87) | 0.82 | (0.76–0.86) | 0.85 | (0.79–0.91) |
| Antibiotic received | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.001 | Ref. | ||
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | 309 (3.53) | 1398 (3.19) | 1.31 | (1.09–1.59) | 1.33 | (1.10–1.62) |
| Trimethoprim | 313 (3.57) | 1475 (3.37) | 1.07 | (0.89–1.29) | 1.10 | (0.91–1.33) |
| Ciprofloxacin | 1785 (20.37) | 6905 (15.76) | 1.41 | (1.31–1.51) | 1.39 | (1.28–1.52) |
| Levofloxacin | 13 (0.15) | 65 (0.15) | 0.64 | (0.25–1.63) | 0.65 | (0.26–1.66) |
| Cephalexin | 11 (0.13) | 31 (0.07) | 1.43 | (0.53–3.82) | 1.49 | (0.55–4.00) |
| Doxycycline | 1949 (22.24) | 9175 (20.94) | 1.12 | (1.05–1.19) | 1.10 | (1.02–1.18) |
| Nitrofurantoin | 156 (1.78) | 749 (1.71) | 1.14 | (0.81–1.61) | 1.12 | (0.78–1.60) |
| Amoxicillin & Clavulanate | 185 (2.11) | 799 (1.82) | 1.13 | (0.91–1.41) | 1.12 | (0.89–1.40) |
| Norfloxacin | 314 (3.58) | 1348 (3.08) | 1.26 | (1.09–1.46) | 1.25 | (1.08–1.46) |
| Any | - | - | 1.22 | (1.16–1.28) | 1.19 | (1.12–1.27) |
| Time between first antibiotic and event (yrs) | ||||||
| No antibiotic given | 291 (3.32) | 812 (1.85) | 1.00 | Ref. | 1.002 | Ref. |
| 6–12 months | 780 (8.90) | 3473 (7.93) | 1.93 | (1.68–2.22) | 1.96 | (1.71–2.25) |
| 1–2 | 949 (10.83) | 4426 (10.10) | 1.21 | (1.12–1.32) | 1.23 | (1.13–1.33) |
| 3–4 | 1505 (17.18) | 6896 (15.74) | 1.16 | (1.07–1.25) | 1.17 | (1.08–1.26) |
| 5+ | 5237 (59.77) | 28199 (64.37) | 1.18 | (1.11–1.26) | 1.20 | (1.12–1.27) |
1Adjusted for civil status, education, CCI and time between first antibiotic and event.
2Adjusted for civil status, education and CCI.
Type of antibiotic is the first antibiotic received if more than one has been prescribed. Date for controls in ‘Time between first antibiotic and event have been taken as the date of the man becoming a control i.e. date of event for corresponding case.