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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Hepatology. 2018 May 9;68(1):78–88. doi: 10.1002/hep.29594

Table 1. Main Variables used for the Markov Model.

Variable Input data
Basecase scenario Range
Progression of cirrhosis stage per year14 stage 1 to 2:7%
stage 1 to 3: 4%
stage 2 to 3: 7%
stage 2 to 4: 4%
stage 3 to 4: 8%
stage 1 to 2: 4-10%
stage 1 to 3: 2-6%
stage 2 to 3: 4-10%
stage 2 to 4: 2-6%
stage 3 to 4: 6-10%
Annual hepatic decompensation mortality per cirrhosis stage14 stage 1: 1%
stage 2: 3%
stage 3: 20%
stage 4: 57%
stage 1: 0.8-1.3%
stage 2: 2.6-4.3%
stage 3: 15-25%
stage 4: 44-70%
Annual incidence of HCC9-10 3% 1-5%
Sensitivity of screening test1 70% 60-80%
Detection of early stage HCC without surveillance25 30% 25-35%
Probability of transition from Early to Advanced HCC13 63% 40-86%
Annual mortality of incurable HCC11,12 50% 45-55%
Probability of receiving curative treatment for early stage HCC26-27 75 % 70-80%
Treatment related mortality
 LTx15 9% in the first 12 months and then 2% annually after the first year 3-15% in the first 12 months and then 1.5-2.5% annually after the first year
 Surgery19-20 5% in the first 6 months and 0% thereafter 2.5-7.5% in the first 6 months and 0% thereafter
 RFA16-17 1% in the first 6 months and 0% thereafter 0.5-1.5% in the first 6 months and 0% thereafter
Probability of Liver transplant listing28 Hepatic decompensation: 17%HCC: 33% Hepaticdecompensation:11-23%HCC: 29-36%
Duration of Liver transplant waitlist15 12 months 6-18 months
Risk of recurrence after treatment within 5 years
 LTx22 13% over 5 years 10-16%
 Surgery23 70%over 5 years 65-75%
 RFA21 70%over 5 years 65-75%

HCC- hepatocellular carcinoma; LTx- liver transplant; MELD- model for end stage liver disease; RFA- radiofrequency ablation