Table 1. Patient characteristics at baseline.
| Variables | Overall (n=2,470) | Institutionalized (n=421, 17.0%) | Not institutionalized (n=2,049, 83.0%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 74.5±7.8 | 75.4±7.7 | 74.3±7.8 | <0.01* |
| Female | 1,683 (68.1) | 300 (71.3) | 1,383 (67.5) | 0.13 |
| Education (year) | 6.3±5.1 | 5.7±4.9 | 6.4±5.2 | <0.01* |
| Dementia severity and clinical variables | ||||
| MMSE score | 18.2±5.1 | 16.2±5.1 | 18.6±5.0 | <0.01* |
| CDR-SB score | 5.3±3.0 | 6.6±3.5 | 5.1±2.9 | <0.01* |
| NPI score | 15.2±18.1 | 20.4±21.8 | 14.1±17.1 | <0.01* |
| GDS score | 7.1±4.4 | 6.9±4.4 | 7.1±4.4 | 0.53 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 1,245 (50.4) | 197 (46.8) | 1,048 (51.2) | 0.10 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 615 (24.9) | 109 (25.9) | 506 (24.7) | 0.60 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 392 (15.9) | 62 (14.7) | 330 (16.1) | 0.48 |
| Stroke | 200 (8.1) | 34 (8.1) | 166 (8.1) | 0.98 |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.05 | |||
| Current | 1,310 (78.9) | 286 (82.7) | 1,024 (77.9) | |
| Never | 351 (21.1) | 60 (17.3) | 291 (22.1) | |
| Smoking | 0.79 | |||
| Current smoker | 134 (8.1) | 26 (7.5) | 108 (8.2) | |
| Ex-smoker | 336 (20.2) | 67 (19.4) | 269 (20.5) | |
| Never smoked | 1,191 (71.7) | 253 (73.1) | 938 (71.3) | |
| Living with main caregiver | 1,452 (59.1) | 235 (56.0) | 1,217 (59.7) | 0.15 |
| Main caregiver | 0.01* | |||
| Spouse | 715 (29.2) | 95 (22.6) | 620 (30.5) | |
| Son/daughter-in-law | 927 (37.8) | 183 (43.6) | 744 (36.6) | |
| Daughter/son-in-law | 709 (28.9) | 120 (28.6) | 589 (29.0) | |
| Others | 100 (4.1) | 22 (5.2) | 78 (3.8) | |
| Medications | ||||
| ChEI/memantine | 2,114 (89.9) | 370 (87.9) | 1,744 (85.1) | 0.14 |
| Antipsychotic | 249 (10.1) | 66 (15.7) | 183 (8.9) | <0.01* |
| Benzodiazepine | 1,554 (62.9) | 248 (58.9) | 1,306 (63.7) | 0.06 |
Data are mean±standard-deviation or n (%) values.
*p<0.05 between institutionalized and not-institutionalized patients.
CDR-SB: Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes, ChEI: cholinesterase inhibitors, GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale, MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination, NPI: NeuroPsychiatric Inventory.