Table 2. Patient characteristics for variables that were measured longitudinally.
| Variables | Overall (n=816) | Institutionalized (n=130, 16.0%) | Not institutionalized (n=686, 84.0%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | 73.3±7.9 | 74.1±8.2 | 73.2±7.9 | 0.21 |
| Female | 279 (34.2) | 42 (32.3) | 237 (24.6) | 0.62 |
| Education (year) | 6.7±5.2 | 6.2±5.1 | 6.8±5.2 | 0.19 |
| Duration from onset to diagnosis (month) | 33.0±30.8 | 31.2±24.6 | 33.3±31.8 | 0.39 |
| Dementia severity and clinical variables | ||||
| Annual MMSE score change | −1.8±4.5 | −2.9±4.7 | −1.6±4.4 | <0.01* |
| Annual CDR-SB score change | 1.9±3.1 | 3.5±3.9 | 1.6±2.9 | <0.01* |
| Annual NPI score change | 1.8±18.0 | 4.2±22.0 | 1.4±17.1 | 0.18 |
| GDS score | 6.7±4.3 | 6.6±4.5 | 6.8±4.3 | 0.64 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 411 (50.4) | 61 (46.9) | 350 (51.0) | 0.39 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 187 (22.9) | 34 (26.2) | 153 (22.3) | 0.33 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 121 (14.8) | 18 (13.9) | 103 (15.0) | 0.73 |
| Stroke | 62 (7.6) | 10 (7.7) | 52 (7.6) | 0.96 |
| Alcohol consumption | 0.05 | |||
| Current | 515 (79.7) | 96 (86.5) | 419 (78.3) | |
| Never | 131 (20.3) | 15 (13.5) | 116 (21.7) | |
| Smoking | 0.56 | |||
| Current smoker | 56 (8.7) | 7 (6.3) | 49 (9.2) | |
| Ex-smoker | 123 (19.0) | 20 (18.0) | 103 (19.3) | |
| Never smoked | 467 (72.3) | 84 (75.7) | 383 (71.6) | |
| Living with main caregiver | 490 (60.2) | 72 (55.8) | 418 (61.0) | 0.26 |
| Medication usage (MPR) | ||||
| Antipsychotics | 0.2±0.4 | 0.4±0.4 | 0.2±0.3 | <0.01* |
| Benzodiazepines | 0.3±0.4 | 0.3±0.4 | 0.3±0.4 | 0.80 |
| Galantamine | 0.3±0.4 | 0.3±0.4 | 0.3±0.4 | 0.77 |
| Rivastigmine | 0.4±0.4 | 0.4±0.4 | 0.4±0.4 | 0.92 |
| Donepezil | 0.6±0.4 | 0.6±0.4 | 0.6±0.4 | 0.48 |
| Memantine | 0.2±0.3 | 0.3±0.4 | 0.2±0.3 | 0.05 |
Data are mean±standard-deviation or n (%) values.
*p<0.05 between institutionalized and not-institutionalized patients.
CDR-SB: Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes, GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale, MMSE: Mini Mental State Examination, MPR: medication possession ratio, NPI: NeuroPsychiatric Inventory.