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. 2018 Apr 12;9:1433. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03929-y

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Mathematical model reveals that SK phosphatase activity tunes TCS detection threshold. a Diagram of a canonical TCS. b Model simulations of the relationship between TCS input concentration and transcriptional output rate (i.e., transfer function) wherein SK phosphatase activity is varied between 1% and 10,000% of wild-type (Supplementary Note 1). Detection threshold (K_1/2), or the input concentration where transcriptional output is half-maximal, increases with phosphatase activity. There is no trade-off between detection threshold and dynamic range for intermediate changes in phosphatase activity; however, a trade-off emerges for strong changes in phosphatase activity (Supplementary Fig. 1)