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. 2018 Apr 12;9:1437. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03893-7

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — ELRG is available with a liquid dielectric polarization. a The existence of a liquid dielectric layer determines the energy transfer process. Electric/electronics systems dissipate electromagnetic energy without a liquid dielectric layer. b Liquid dielectric layer scavenges the dissipated electromagnetic energy. c Electrostatic simulation resultants. Insets show the degree of generated electric potential with air layer. d The degree of generated electric potential with liquid dielectric layer. e Electrostatic potential differences between electric system and electrode. EPD is more stable when liquid dielectric layer is integrated