Table 1.
Characteristics of PIs and GSs.
| PIs | GSs | t value | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Mean age, year | 46.48 ± 12.6 | 45.69 ± 12.53 | 0.309 | 0.758 |
| Sex (Male, Female) | 48 (16, 32) | 48 (23, 25) | 2.116# | 0.146# |
| Education, year | 7.31 ± 4.03 | 7.96 ± 3.64 | −0.824 | 0.412 |
| Sleep Questionnaires | ||||
| Duration of insomnia, year | 4.96 ± 5.25 | N/A | N/A | N/A |
| Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | 14.92 ± 2.04 | 2.56 ± 0.87 | 38.568 | <0.001 |
| PSQI total sleep time, hour | 3.73 ± 1.31 | 7.27 ± 0.73 | −16.337 | <0.001 |
| PSQI time in bed, hour | 8.56 ± 1.1 | 8.33 ± 0.57 | 1.296 | 0.199 |
| PSQI sleep efficiency, % | 44.1 ± 16.44 | 86.91 ± 6.0 | −16.944 | <0.001 |
| Self Rating Scale Of Sleep (SRSS) | 34.94 ± 4.54 | 15.9 ± 1.51 | 27.555 | <0.001 |
| Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) | 17.83 ± 2.94 | 1.54 ± 1.4 | 34.655 | <0.001 |
| Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) | 40.49 ± 6.84 | 27.96 ± 2.69 | 11.818 | <0.001 |
| Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) | 47.68 ± 8.09 | 31.39 ± 3.06 | 13.057 | <0.001 |
| Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) | 7.83 ± 3.39 | 1.88 ± 0.79 | 11.876 | <0.001 |
| Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) | 9.06 ± 3.7 | 2.17 ± 1.08 | 12.402 | <0.001 |
| Profile of Mood States (POMS) | 116.06 ± 20.81 | 82.98 ± 5.49 | 10.651 | <0.001 |
| Five negative index of POMS | 29.52 ± 15.99 | 8.63 ± 3.26 | 8.87 | <0.001 |
| Two positive index of POMS | 13.63 ± 7.84 | 25.65 ± 3.64 | −9.631 | <0.001 |
Note: Data are mean ± standard deviation values; #, chi-square value; Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-Rating Depression Scale showed the standard score. The five negative index comprised nervousness, wrath, fatigue, depression and confusion, and the two positive index comprised energy and self-esteem.
Abbreviations: PIs, Patients with primary insomnia; GSs, Good sleepers; N/A, Not applicable.