Fig. 5.

Testing the design principles in the Brusselator model. We vary γ₁ and γ₂ together with a fixed energy budget (ΔW = 200). a, b The minimum phase diffusion D occurs at $-\log {\gamma }_1\approx 0.8$, where the forward-backward ratio is matched for the two antiparallel pathways, i.e., M ≈ 1. c, d The phase sensitivity reaches its maximum at $-\log {\gamma }_1\approx 0.7$, where r_w, the ratio of the net flux for the phase-retreating pathway over that of the phase-advancing pathway is minimum