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. 2018 Apr 12;8:5923. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23717-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Summarised frequencies (A) and amplitudes (B) of small contractile events in WT (black circle) and TLR2/4^−/− (open circle) colon in the presence of increased concentrations of morphine, atropine and TTX. Typical digital recordings of small amplitude contractions occurring at the distal sites of WT (C) and TLR2/4^−/− (D) colon following TTX application. *Denotes p < 0.05 between small event amplitudes pre- and post-TTX in WT animals. #Denotes p < 0.05 between WT and TLR2/4^-/- small event amplitudes in presence of TTX.