Table 2.
Left ventricular function and remodeling measured by LVG, TTE, CMRI, and SPECT.
| Control (normal saline, 2 mL/d, n = 6) |
Low-dose (G-CSF, 2.5 μg/kg/d, n = 6) |
Middle-dose (G-CSF, 5 μg/kg/d n = 6) |
High-dose (G-CSF, 10 μg/kg/d, n = 6) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Systolic functional parameters | ||||
| LVEF measured by LVG | ||||
| Before modeling, % | 75.0 ± 1.3 | 74.7 ± 4.2 | 73.7 ± 1.2 | 76.0 ± 3.0 |
| 4 weeks after modeling, % | 55.8 ± 3.2 | 54.5 ± 5.4 | 53.6 ± 2.4 | 54.7 ± 5.6 |
| 8 weeks after modeling, % | 51.9 ± 2.1* | 54.9 ± 1.5*# | 59.5 ± 2.1##†‡ | 55.5 ± 5.3*#‡ |
| LVEF measured by TTE | ||||
| Before modeling, % | 74.6 ± 2.0 | 74.2 ± 3.5 | 73.3 ± 2.1 | 76.0 ± 3.0 |
| 4 weeks after modeling, % | 53.2 ± 1.6 | 52.9 ± 3.8 | 54.7 ± 3.0 | 53.4 ± 2.4 |
| 8 weeks after modeling, % | 50.6 ± 3.0* | 53.2 ± 2.3*# | 60.4 ± 3.6##†‡ | 55.8 ± 4.7*#‡ |
| LVEF measured by CMRI | ||||
| Before modeling, % | 73.2 ± 1.6 | 72.5 ± 2.3 | 72.7 ± 3.5 | 74.0 ± 2.6 |
| 4 weeks after modeling, % | 52.6 ± 2.7 | 52.9 ± 3.8 | 54.7 ± 3.0 | 53.4 ± 2.4 |
| 8 weeks after modeling, % | 50.0 ± 3.0* | 53.1 ± 2.3*# | 60.1 ± 3.4##†‡ | 53.8 ± 2.5*#‡ |
| LVEF measured by SPECT | ||||
| Before modeling, % | 74.8 ± 2.4 | 74.1 ± 1.6 | 73.5 ± 2.7 | 75.6 ± 3.2 |
| 4 weeks after modeling, % | 54.7 ± 2.2 | 53.8 ± 4.3 | 54.0 ± 2.5 | 54.5 ± 4.8 |
| 8 weeks after modeling, % | 51.2 ± 2.7* | 54.3 ± 1.2*# | 59.3 ± 4.0##†‡ | 55.0 ± 3.4*#‡ |
| Diastolic functional parameters | ||||
| E/A measured by TTE | ||||
| 4 weeks after modeling | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.2 |
| 8 weeks after modeling | 0.9 ± 0.2* | 1.2 ± 0.2*# | 1.3 ± 0.3*# | 1.2 ± 0.4*# |
| Ea/Aa measured by TTE | ||||
| 4 weeks after modeling | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 |
| 8 weeks after modeling | 0.7 ± 0.3* | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2*# | 0.9 ± 0.3# |
| E/Ea measured by TTE | ||||
| 4 weeks after modeling | 12.2 ± 4.2 | 12.1 ± 4.5 | 12.5 ± 3.7 | 12.4 ± 3.6 |
| 8 weeks after modeling | 12.4 ± 3.4* | 11.8 ± 2.8*# | 11.0 ± 3.1*#† | 11.0 ± 4.5*# |
| Diameter and volume of left ventricle | ||||
| LVEDd measured by TTE | ||||
| Before modeling, mm | 32.7 ± 3.0 | 33.0 ± 2.7 | 34.1 ± 3.7 | 32.8 ± 2.8 |
| 4 weeks after modeling, mm | 35.9 ± 2.9 | 36.3 ± 2.3 | 36.9 ± 3.2 | 35.9 ± 1.8 |
| 8 weeks after modeling, mm | 36.2 ± 1.5 | 36.0 ± 2.4 | 35.8 ± 2.0* | 36.0 ± 2.2 |
| LVESd measured by TTE | ||||
| Before modeling, mm | 21.5 ± 3.0 | 19.3 ± 1.8 | 19.6 ± 2.5 | 20.4 ± 1.7 |
| 4 weeks after modeling, mm | 23.5 ± 1.9 | 24.2 ± 2.1 | 23.8 ± 1.8 | 22.7 ± 1.5 |
| 8 weeks after modeling, mm | 25.6 ± 2.6* | 23.6 ± 2.3# | 21.0 ±± 1.4*#†‡ | 21.9 ± 1.2# |
| LVEDV measured by CMRI | ||||
| Before modeling, mm | 32.2 ± 2.0 | 30.6 ± 2.3 | 31.4 ± 2.2 | 31.8 ± 2.1 |
| 4 weeks after modeling, mm | 37.0 ± 3.2 | 35.7 ± 3.0 | 36.5 ± 2.5 | 37.1 ± 2.0 |
| 8 weeks after modeling, mm | 37.7 ± 2.4 | 35.9 ± 2.9# | 35.6 ± 2.0*‡ | 37.3 ± 1.6 |
| LVESV measured by CMRI | ||||
| Before modeling, mm | 8.3 ± 3.7 | 7.6 ± 2.6 | 7.9 ± 3.2 | 8.1 ± 1.6 |
| 4 weeks after modeling, mm | 13.8 ± 2.6 | 13.0 ± 1.8 | 13.2 ± 2.4 | 14.0 ± 2.7 |
| 8 weeks after modeling, mm | 15.0 ± 2.0* | 12.2 ± 2.3# | 11.6 ± 3.1*#†‡ | 13.5 ± 1.8# |
| Left ventricular motion | ||||
| 8 weeks after modeling | ||||
| Improved, N | 8 | 7 | 2#†‡ | 3#† |
| Unimproved, N | 2 | 3 | 7#†‡ | 3 |
| Ischemic area | ||||
| Size of left ventricular infarct measured by CMRI | ||||
| 4 weeks after modeling, % | 5.2 ± 2.1 | 4.9 ± 1.6 | 4.8 ± 2.8 | 5.1 ± 2.6 |
| 8 weeks after modeling, % | 6.5 ± 1.5* | 4.8 ± 2.0# | 4.0 ± 1.7*#†‡ | 4.7 ± 2.0# |
| Myocardial perfusion defects measured by SPECT | ||||
| 4 weeks after modeling, % | 11.2 ± 3.0 | 10.4 ± 1.4 | 10.9 ± 2.8 | 12.0 ± 3.4 |
| 8 weeks after modeling, % | 15.2 ± 2.5* | 8.7 ± 2.6*# | 6.2 ± 2.3*#†‡ | 8.9 ± 2.0*# |
LVG, left ventriculography; TTE, transthoracic echocardiography; CMRI, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging; SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fractions; E, mitral E peak; A, mitral E peak; LVEDd, left ventricular end diastolic diameter; LVESd, left ventricular end systolic diameter; LVEDV, left ventricular end diastolic volume; LVESV; left ventricular end systolic volume.
*P < 0.05 compared with 4 weeks after modeling; #P < 0.05 compared with control group; †P < 0.05 compared with low dose group; ‡P < 0.05 compared with high dose group.