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. 2018 Apr 6;9:667. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00667

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Copyright © 2018 Reis, Boff, Verly, Melo-Braga, Cortés, Santos, Pimenta, Amaral, Resende and de Lima.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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LyeTxI-b treatment decreased S. aureus-induced joint inflammation. After arthritis induction by intra-articular injection of S. aureus (10⁷ CFU/10 μL) in mice, the animals were treated with LyeTxI-b (0.03 nmol) and clindamycin (7 nmol) by ipsilateral joint injection every other day. Seven days after S. aureus injection, the levels of (A) IL-1β and (B) CXCL1 in periarticular tissue were measured by ELISA while the loss of proteoglycan was determined by toluidine blue stain (C). ^∗p < 0.05 compared to non-infected mice; ^#p < 0.05 compared to saline-treated infected mice. N = 6–8 mice per group, NI, non-infected mice.