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. 2018 Apr 6;9:321. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00321

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Copyright © 2018 Du, Huang, Guan, Lv, He, Fang, Wang and Sheng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Synoptic figure summarizing caffeine’s effects on conversion of palmitic acid into palmitoleic acid. Caffeine induces expression of Δ9 desaturases (fat-5 in C. elegans or scd-1 in mice) by modulating mdt-15 in nematode C. elegans or PGC-1α in mice, which play similar roles in these two models. The image of C. elegans was cited from Watts and Browse (2002).