Figure 1.

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, combined with future large-scale atmospheric CO₂ removal (CDR), may lead to long-term climate stabilization, but with some potentially significant overshoot of desired temperature targets. There is thus a possible role for limited and temporary solar geoengineering as part of an overall strategy to reduce climate impacts during the overshoot period. (Solar geoengineering as an alternative to mitigation would require extremely large forcing to be sustained for millennia, and is thus not necessarily realistic or advisable.) This graph, adapted from [10], represents climate impacts conceptually, not quantitatively; see figure 3 for a specific representative scenario. (Online version in colour.)