Figure 5.

Gross CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes (FFI) over the twenty-first century ((a) annual emission rates, (b) cumulated). Shown are results from 1.5°C and 2°C pathways derived from integrated assessment models (SSP1-1.9, SSP2-1.9, SSP1-2.6, SSP2-2.6 from the AIM, IMAGE, MESSAGE-GLOBIOM and REMIND-MAgPIE models) and the combination of all 320 sensitivity cases for final energy demand, electrification, and carbon intensities of electricity and non-electric energy production. Coloured lines describe CO₂ budgets (reduced by an assumed 75 GtCO₂ land-use emissions from 2016 until the time land use ceases to be a CO₂ emissions source).