Table 3.
Main extra-intestinal manifestations of non-celiac gluten sensitivity and associated disorders
| Manifestations | Extra-intestinal manifestations | Level of evidence | Associated disorders | Level of evidence |
| General symptoms | Tiredness | 4 | Aphthous stomatitis | 4 |
| Lack of wellbeing | 4 | |||
| Foggy mind | 4 | |||
| Joint or muscle pain | 4 | |||
| Arm/leg numbness | 4 | |||
| Neurologic manifestations | Ataxia | 3b | ||
| Neuropathy | 3b | |||
| Encephalopathy | 3b | |||
| Epilepsy | 4 | |||
| Miopathy | 4 | |||
| Myelopathy | 4 | |||
| Demyelinating disease | 4 | |||
| Psychiatric manifestations | Depression | 1c | Bipolar disorder | 4 |
| Anxiety | 1c | Gluten psychosis | 4 | |
| Autism | 2b | |||
| Schizophrenia | 4 | |||
| Other autoimmune diseases and rheumatologic diseases | Psoriasis | 2b | ||
| Autoimmune thyroiditis | 2b | |||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 4 | |||
| Scleroderma | 4 | |||
| Sjogren syndrome | 4 | |||
| Raynaud phenomenon | 4 | |||
| Skin diseases | Dermatitis herpetiformis | 2b | ||
| Contact dermatitis | 2b | |||
| Rash and undetermined dermatitis | 2b | |||
| Functional disorders | Fibromyalgia | 1c | ||
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 1c | |||
| Nutritional imbalance | Anemia | 4 | ||
| Osteoporosis | 2b | |||
| Other | Interstitial cystitis | 4 | ||
| Ingrown hairs | 4 | |||
| Rhinitis, asthma | 4 | |||
| Postural tachycardia syndrome | 2b | |||
| Oligo- or polymenorrhea | 4 |
The level of evidence was expressed according to the Oxford consensus[85]