Left: Regions with intense agricultural activities. The averaged 14-year NH3 VMRs are shown for the American Midwest (top left), China (2nd left), EU (3rd left), and South Asia (bottom left). The blue boxes outline areas used in the trend studies. Right: The seasonal variability in Midwest U.S. (top right), China (2nd right), EU (3rd right), and South Asia (bottom right). The 7-day means of NH3 VMRs at 918 hPa are averaged in 2002 – 2008 (green color), 2009 – 2013 (blue color), and 2014 – 2016 (red color) temporal bands, where broad solid lines represent the averages; and shaded areas are within 1-sigma standard deviations.