Table 1.
Characteristics of 23 TB targeted testing and linkage to care studies among homeless populations in the United States
| Author and year | Data collection years | City/county, State | Target population | Recruitment method | Number of valid test results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barry 1986 [15] | 1984 | Boston, Massachusetts | Homeless adults | Shelter-based | 187 |
| McAdam 1990 [15] | 1982-1988 | New York, New York | Homeless adults | Shelter-based | 1508 |
| Torres 1990 [16] | 1986-1989 | New York, New York | Individuals staying at a “Gay Mens” Shelter on Ward Island | Shelter, and healthcare facility-based | 94 |
| Nolan 1991 [17] | 1985 | Seattle, Washington | Homeless men | Shelter-based | 93 |
| Neims 1992 [18] | Not reported | Baltimore, Maryland | Individuals who spent at least one night in a homeless shelter in the previous year. | Shelter, healthcare facility, and other service-based | 57 |
| Paul 1993 [20] | 1990 | New York, New York | Homeless men | Shelter-based | 98 |
| Gelberg 1997 [21] | 1991 or 1992- not reported | Los Angeles, California | Homeless adults | Participants were recruited from a separate longitudinal cohort of homeless persons conducted by the RAND Corporation; the RAND cohort was recruited using a combination of shelter-based, meal program-based, and street-based recruitment | 260 |
| Morrow 1997 [22] | Not reported | Yonkers, New York | Underserved men and women using the shelter’s services (food, clinic, sleeping there) | Shelter-based | 95 |
| Sakai 1998 [19] | 1996 | New Orleans, Louisiana | Homeless men | Shelter-based | 105 |
| Bock 1999 [23] | 1994-1996 | Atlanta, Georgia | “High- risk” inner city residents | Healthcare facility-based | 2002 |
| Griffin 1999 [24] | 1997-1998 | Kansasa City, Missouri | Homeless adults | Shelter-based | 654 |
| Kimerling 1999 [25] | 1996-1996 | Birmingham, Alabama | Homeless adults | Shelter-based | 21 |
| Falchook 2000 [26] | 1998-1999 | New Orleans, Louisiana | Homeless adults | Shelter-based | 54 |
| Kong 2002 [27] | 1995-1998 | Denver, Colorado | Residents of communal shelters and residential drug and alcohol treatment programs | Shelter and other service-based | 10,207 |
| Cheung 2002 [28] | 1995-2000 | Menlo Park, California | VA-eligible homeless adults | Healthcare facility-based | 829 |
| Saez 2002 [32] | 1990-1992 | New York City, New York | Mentally ill homeless men | Shelter and healthcare facility-based | 75 |
| Forman 2003 [29] | 2001 | Anchorage, Alaska | Homeless adults | Shelter-based | 47 |
| Valencia 2004 [30] | Not reported | New York, New York | Mentally ill homeless men | Shelter-based | 173 |
| Dewan 2006 [12] | 2003-2005 | San Francisco, California | Homeless adults | Healthcare facility-based | 2559 |
| Lashley 2007 [31] | 2005-2007 | Baltimore, Maryland | Homeless adults in or recently graduated from a residential addictions recovery program | Shelter-based | 282 |
| McAdam 2009 [33] | 1992-2006 | New York, New York | Homeless persons attending shelters and drop-in facilities | Shelter and other service-based | 21,028 |
| Alexander 2011 [11] | 2009-2011 | County not reported, Indiana | Homeless adults | Shelter-based with street outreach component: health fairs and another event offering legal, social and health services to the homeless. | 1421 |
| Higashi 2014 [13] | 2005-2009 | San Francisco, California | Homeless adults | Healthcare facility-based | 10,935 |