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. 2018 Apr 13;16:53. doi: 10.1186/s12916-018-1040-8

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Characteristics of clinical symptoms related to autonomic dysreflexia (AD) during urodynamic investigation. In 75 patients with symptomatic AD, 152 counts of clinical symptoms were recorded. Headache with 33 counts was the most frequent symptom. The remaining 119 counts included feeling uncomfortable (31), spasticity (27), sweating (23), general pain (21), piloerection (9), flushing and/or feeling warm/hot (5), chest pain or discomfort (2), and dyspnea (1)