Fig. 3.

Cardiovascular changes during urodynamic investigation by lesion level (cutoff T6). Cardiovascular changes in (a) SBP, (b) DBP, and (c) HR in SCI patients with AD who have either sustained a SCI at T6 or above (left side in Maya blue) or at T7 or below (right side in dark blue). At the start of UDI, cardiovascular parameters were not significantly different between both groups. In patients with a SCI at T6 or above, cardiovascular changes in SBP (65, 95% CI 59.7–69.7 vs. 45, 95% CI 39.6–49.5 mmHg) and HR (−14, 95% CI –16.6 to –11.4 vs. −6, 95% CI –8.2 to –2.9 bpm) were significantly different (p < 0.001) compared to those of remaining patients. Each circle represents one patient’s cardiovascular changes during UDI. Error bars represent mean and the 95% CI of cardiovascular changes; i.e., the worse out of two same session UDIs were used. AD autonomic dysreflexia, BPM beats per minute, CI confidence interval, DBP diastolic blood pressure, HR heart rate, SBP systolic blood pressure, SCI spinal cord injury, T thoracic, UDI urodynamic investigation