Table 2.

HRQoL score measured by SF-36 (physical and mental components)

Variables	Physical component score			Mental component score
	Mean	95% CI	P value	Mean	95% CI	P value
Age group
60–69 years	43.0	41.4 to 44.6	0.048*	46.0	44.5 to 47.6	0.734*
70–79 years	42.0	39.9 to 44.0		46.6	44.9 to 48.3
≥80 years	37.2	31.2 to 43.3		47.5	43.3 to 51.8
Gender
Male	41.1	39.2 to 43.1	0.193†	44.8	43.0 to 46.6	0.019†
Female	42.8	41.2 to 44.4		47.5	46.1 to 48.9
Education
Less than 1 year	40.8	37.7 to 43.8	0.592*	44.4	41.9 to 47.1	0.035*
1–6 years	42.4	40.8 to 43.9		46.1	44.7 to 47.6
6 years and above	42.6	39.8 to 45.5		49.2	46.9 to 51.6
Marital status
Married	41.8	40.3 to 43.4	0.505†	47.3	46.1 to 48.6	0.007†
Non-married	42.8	40.5 to 45.0		43.9	41.5 to 46.3
History of hyperglycaemia
Yes	36.6	30.5 to 42.8	0.025†	44.7	40.6 to 48.8	0.445†
No	42.5	41.2 to 43.8		46.5	45.3 to 47.7
Family history of diabetes
Yes	42.7	37.7 to 47.8	0.770†	48.8	44.8 to 52.8	0.200†
No	42.1	40.8 to 43.3		46.2	45.0 to 47.3
Have other chronic disease
Yes	40.2	38.2 to 42.3	0.012†	45.1	43.3 to 47.0	0.058†
No	43.5	41.9 to 45.0		47.3	45.9 to 48.7
Smoking
Yes	42.1	40.5 to 43.7	0.976†	47.1	45.6 to 48.7	0.155†
No	42.1	40.2 to 44.1		45.5	43.9 to 47.2
Alcohol drinking
Yes	42.1	40.7 to 43.5	0.999†	46.5	45.3 to 47.9	0.601†
No	42.1	39.2 to 45.0		45.8	43.6 to 48.1
Body mass index
Lean	40.3	34.3 to 46.2	0.013*	44.0	39.6 to 48.4	0.182*
Normal	44.1	42.6 to 45.5		47.4	45.9 to 48.8
Overweight	40.1	37.5 to 42.7		44.9	42.5 to 47.5
Obese	39.3	34.9 to 43.6		47.0	44.0 to 49.6
Blood pressure
Abnormal	41.4	39.7 to 43.2	0.280†	45.9	44.3 to 47.5	0.689†
Normal	42.8	41.0 to 44.7		46.4	44.8 to 47.9
Waist:hip ratio
Abnormal	40.6	39.0 to 42.2	0.012†	45.5	43.9 to 47.0	0.093†
Normal	43.8	41.9 to 45.7		47.4	45.8 to 49.0

*ANOVA test for trend.

†P values were determined by t-test.

ANOVA, analysis of variance; HRQoL, health-related quality of life; SF-36, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey.