Table 1.
Characteristics of individuals with and without a hip fracture admission
| Characteristic | Hip fracture, n (%) | No hip fracture, n (%) |
| Total no of patients: 39 630 | 1084 (2.7) | 38 546 (97.3) |
| Renal status* | ||
| RRT | 8 (0.7) | 337 (0.9) |
| CKD stages 3–5 | 915 (84.4) | 18 622 (48.3) |
| CKD stage 5 | 2 (0.2) | 180 (0.5) |
| CKD stage 4 | 77 (7.1) | 1321 (3.4) |
| CKD stage 3b | 320 (29.5) | 4941 (12.8) |
| CKD stage 3a | 516 (47.6) | 12 180 (31.6) |
| Normal eGFR | 161 (14.9) | 19 587 (50.8) |
| Sex | ||
| Males | 231 (21.3) | 16 137 (41.9) |
| Females | 853 (78.7) | 22 409 (58.1) |
| Age, mean (95% CI), years | 80.3 (79.7 to 80.8) |
62.8 (62.6 to 63.0) |
| 15–44 | 10 (0.9) | 7278 (18.9) |
| 45–54 | 13 (1.2) | 4533 (11.8) |
| 55–64 | 42 (3.9) | 6203 (16.1) |
| 65–74 | 172 (15.9) | 8805 (22.8) |
| 75–84 | 516 (47.6) | 8583 (22.3) |
| ≥85 | 331 (30.5) | 3144 (8.2) |
| Creatinine, median (IQR), µmol/L | 99.5 (85.5–121.1) |
88.7 (73.6–109.2) |
| eGFR (MDRD), mean (95% CI), mL/min/1.73 m2† | 50.6 (49.5 to 51.7) |
66.5 (66.3 to 66.8) |
| Proteinuria‡ | ||
| Normal | 79 (7.3) | 2888 (7.5) |
| Microalbuminuric | 47 (4.3) | 957 (2.5) |
| Macroalbuminuric | 13 (1.2) | 683 (1.8) |
| Not measured | 945 (87.2) | 34 018 (88.3) |
| ACR, median (IQR), mg/mmol | 1.0 (0.9–5.0) | 1.0 (0.9–3.0) |
| PCR, median (IQR), mg/mmol | 21.5 (10.0–49.0) |
25.0 (10.0–79.0) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index score | ||
| 0 | 699 (64.5) | 29 547 (76.7) |
| 1–2 | 297 (27.4) | 7156 (18.6) |
| 3–4 | 69 (6.4) | 1301 (3.4) |
| ≥5 | 19 (1.8) | 542 (1.4) |
| Urban rural classification§ | ||
| Large urban | 448 (41.3) | 13 512 (35.1) |
| Other urban | 155 (14.3) | 5536 (14.4) |
| Accessible small towns | 99 (9.1) | 3096 (8.0) |
| Remote small towns | 112 (10.3) | 3146 (8.2) |
| Accessible rural | 159 (14.7) | 6851 (17.8) |
| Remote rural | 106 (9.8) | 3664 (9.5) |
| SIMD (quintile)§ | ||
| 1 (most deprived) | 87 (8.0) | 2414 (6.3) |
| 2 | 182 (16.8) | 5794 (15.0) |
| 3 | 286 (26.4) | 8994 (23.3) |
| 4 | 260 (24.0) | 9377 (24.3) |
| 5 (least deprived) | 264 (24.4) | 9226 (23.9) |
*Renal status based on KDIGO CKD stages: overall CKD stages 3–5, index eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2; individual stages 3a, 3b, 4 and 5 CKD, index eGFR 59–45, 44–30, 29–15 and <15 mL/min/1.73 m2. CKD stage 5 does not include dialysis or transplants.
†eGFR was calculated using the four-variable isotope dilution mass spectrometry aligned MDRD formula as is used clinically in the region.
‡Proteinuria status defined as: not measured: no test prior to index date; normoalbuminuric: measured, not microalbuminuric /macroalbuminuric; microalbuminuric: ≥2.5 mg/mmol ACR for men, ≥3.5 mg/mmol ACR for women or PCR ≥15 for both; macroalbuminuric: ≥30 mg/mmol ACR for both men and women or ≥50 mg/mmol PCR.
§SIMD quintile and urban rural classification were unknown for 2746 individuals because of missing postal codes. Where relevant, missing data were included in the analysis as a separate category.
ACR, albumin to creatinine ratio; CKD, chronic kidney disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; MDRD, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease; RRT, renal replacement therapy (dialysis and transplants); SIMD, Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation; KDIGO, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes.