Table 5.

Association between blood cadmium levels and cognitive function (composite z-score) excluding individuals who suffered a stroke (n=1636): NHANES 2011–2014*

Blood cadmium (μg/L)	β (95% CI)†	P values	P trend
Cadmium as continuous	−0.12 (−0.20 to 0.04)	0.0060	–
Cadmium as categorical
0~	referent	referent	0.0107
0.25~	0.04 (−0.05 to 0.13)	0.3579
0.38~	−0.04 (−0.15 to 0.08)	0.5067
0.63~3.60	−0.13 (−0.23 to 0.03)	0.0159

*Adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, education, PIR, marital status, alcohol consumption, diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease.

†Weighted β and 95% CI.

NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.