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Morphologies of flat and nanoridged SF films. The transparent and opaque films in (A) are the ones without and with nanoridge formation, respectively. The transparent film has a flat surface (B), whereas the surface of the opaque film is rough due to the presence of nanoridges surrounding nanopores (C). The higher magnification image of the rough surface shown in (C) indicated that nanoridges were indeed formed (D).
