Table 3.
Risk Factor Changes and Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence by Diet Group-Insulin Resistance Status
| Insulin Resistant | Insulin Sensitive | P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-fat (n=15§) | Low-carbohydrate (n=16§) | Low-fat (n=16§) | Low-carbohydrate (n=14§) | Time X Treatment Group* | |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | |||||
|
| |||||
| 3 month | -13.2 (20.1) | 12.6 (21.0) | -16.2 (27.8) | 23.9 (46.6) | |
| 6 month | -14.4 (23.8)a,b | 6.5 (25.7)a,b | -20.8 (26.1)a | 17.8 (40.8)b | 0.006 |
|
| |||||
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | |||||
|
| |||||
| 3 month | -2.6 (6.0) | 0.1 (4.8) | -3.5 (6.5) | 2.1 (6.6) | |
| 6 month | 3.7 (5.9) | 4.3 (3.7) | 0.6 (5.8) | 4.4 (7.0) | 0.273 |
|
| |||||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | |||||
|
| |||||
| 3 month | -8.1 (39.5) | -40.1 (77.9) | -12.8 (23.0) | -20.9 (33.9) | |
| 6 month | -34.1 (30.1) | - 35.1 (67.4) | -9.6 (27.9) | -32.2 (41.4) | 0.588 |
|
| |||||
| Fasting Insulin (μU/mL) | |||||
|
| |||||
| 6 month | -8.2 (5.6)a,b | -12.7 (8.1)a | -4.5 (4.4)b | -3.8 (3.8)b | 0.003 |
|
| |||||
| Fasting Glucose (mg/dL) | |||||
|
| |||||
| 3 month | -5.0 (10.3) | -4.6 (12.9) | -8.1 (10.7) | 0.8 (8.7) | |
| 6 month | -2.8 (10.0) | -5.7 (13.6) | -3.6 (16.5) | 3.8 (7.8) | 0.125 |
|
| |||||
| Insulin AUC (μU x min/ml) | |||||
|
| |||||
| 3 month | -65.8 (4.9) | -68.3 (50.1) | -27.5 (25.4) | -11.2 (23.6) | |
| 6 month | -57.6 (38.4)a,c | -67.5 (49.3)a | -15.1 (32.7)b | -18.3 (20.5)b,c | <0.0001 |
|
| |||||
| Blood Pressure Systolic (mm Hg) | |||||
|
| |||||
| 3 month | -1.1 (5.2) | -6.7 (11.9) | -3.8 (6.3) | -6.0 (7.4) | |
| 6 month | -2.2 (9.0) | -8.8 (10.1) | -6.9 (10.2) | -4.4 (8.1) | 0.165 |
|
| |||||
| Blood Pressure Diastolic (mm Hg) | |||||
|
| |||||
| 3 month | -0.7 (3.8) | -3.8 (7.3) | -3.7 (4.3) | -3.8 (4.3) | |
| 6 month | -2.4 (6.8) | -5.3 (7.5) | -6.4 (7.1) | -4.3 (5.6) | 0.311 |
|
| |||||
| Metabolic Syndrome (percent) | |||||
|
| |||||
| 3 month | 46.7 | 18.8 | 6.3 | 14.3 | |
| 6 month | 20.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 7.1 | 0.508 |
Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation), except for Metabolic Syndrome (percent).
§
Table column headings indicate sample size used in statistical testing (see below). Values reflect actual data from those who completed the 6-month protocol: n=14, n=14, n=11 and n=10, respectively.
*
Intention-to-treat analysis, with baseline data carried forward for missing values. P value for time X diet group interaction for 6-month change determined using mixed-model and autoregressive covariance structure.
a,b,c
For 6-month risk factors with time X group p<0.05, pair-wise differences are indicated by superscripts; pairs with a shared superscript are not different.