Table 4.
Univariate and multivariate analyses of factors predicting readmission for heart failure patients of the validation cohort
| Characteristics | Univariate odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | Multivariate odds ratio (95% confidence interval) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||
| 0–64 | 1.40 (1.35–1.44)* | 1.22 (1.17–1.28)* |
| 65–84 | 1.16 (1.13–1.20)* | 1.06 (1.03–1.09)* |
| 85+ | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1.14 (1.11–1.16)* | 1.11 (1.09–1.14)* |
| Female | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Race | ||
| Caucasian | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| African American | 1.56 (1.51–1.61)* | 1.38 (1.34–1.43)* |
| Others | 1.41 (1.36–1.45)* | 1.34 (1.29–1.38)* |
| Income quartile | ||
| First | 1.20 (1.16–1.25)* | 1.07 (1.03–1.10)* |
| Second | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) |
| Third | 1.06 (1.02–1.10)* | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) |
| Fourth | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Primary payer | ||
| Medicare | 1.35 (1.30–1.41)* | 1.45 (1.39–1.53)* |
| Medicaid | 2.32 (2.11–2.35)* | 1.82 (1.72–1.94)* |
| Private insurance | 1 (reference) | 1 (reference) |
| Self-pay | 1.24 (1.14–1.34)* | 1.11 (1.02–1.21) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| AIDS | 1.75 (1.46–2.09)* | 1.08 (0.90–1.31) |
| Alcohol abuse | 0.98 (0.91–1.05) | – |
| Anemia | 1.16 (1.14–1.19)* | 1.03 (1.01–1.06) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.13 (1.10–1.15)* | 1.12 (1.09–1.15)* |
| Coagulopathy | 1.06 (1.01–1.11) | – |
| Depression | 1.05 (1.00–1.09)* | 1.06 (1.02–1.10)* |
| Diabetes | 1.30 (1.28–1.33)* | 1.18 (1.15–1.21)* |
| Drug abuse | 1.96 (1.82–2.11)* | 1.53 (1.40–1.66)* |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorder | 1.08 (1.05–1.11)* | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) |
| Hypertension | 1.03 (1.00–1.06) | – |
| Hypothyroidism | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | – |
| Liver disease | 1.09 (1.02–1.18) | – |
| Lymphoma | 1.12 (1.00–1.25) | – |
| Metastatic cancer | 0.66 (0.58–0.76) | – |
| Neurological disorder | 0.87 (0.83–0.91) | – |
| Obesity | 0.96 (0.93–0.99) | – |
| Paralysis | 0.93 (0.85–1.02) | – |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 0.78 (0.38–1.61) | – |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 1.14 (1.11–1.18)* | 1.07 (1.04–1.11)* |
| Psychoses | 1.20 (1.12–1.29)* | 1.08 (1.00–1.16) |
| Pulmonary circulation disorder | 0.72 (0.56–0.91) | – |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 0.84 (0.78–0.91) | – |
| Renal failure | 1.45 (1.42–1.48)* | 1.35 (1.31–1.38)* |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 0.86 (0.78–0.93) | – |
| Valvular disease | 0.74 (0.61–0.90) | – |
| Weight loss | 0.82 (0.76–0.88) | – |
Notes: Anemia combines chronic blood loss anemia and iron deficiency anemia. Diabetes combines complicated and uncomplicated diabetes.
*
Statistically significant at P-value <0.01.
Abbreviation: AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.