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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Apr 13.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Protoc. 2017 Sep 21;12(10):2169–2188. doi: 10.1038/nprot.2017.088

Figure 1. Potential applications of humanized ossicle BM xenotransplantation.

Figure 1

After successful generation of 4 ossicles in an immunocompromised NSG mouse, hematopoietic cells can be (a) directly injected into all 4 humanized ossicle marrows (intraossicle) in order to maximize overall human engraftment rates. Homing and mobilization of human hematopoietic cells can be studied in non-injected ossicles if cells are (b) injected into only 1 out of 4 ossicles or (c) transplanted intravenously into ossicle-bearing mice. (d) Alternatively, humanized ossicles can be used to study bone-metastasis of solid tumor xenografts.