Table 1. Comparison of humanized BM niche models used for hematopoietic xenotransplantation.

Mouse strain	Culture conditions/matrix and/or scaffold	Source and # of transplanted MSCs	Implantation of MSC	Time of hematopoietic transplantation	Route of hematopoietic transplantation	Type/number of transplanted hematopoietic cells	Conditioning	Reference #
NSG	Expansion in 10% pHPL containing media, extracellular matrix (Millipore)	BM 2 x 106	Subcutaneous injection	6 – 10 weeks post MSC transplantation	Intraossicle iv	UCB-CD34: 1 x 104 AML: 1 cell – 1.4 x 106 PMF: 2 x 103 – 5 x 104	Sublethal irradiation	25
NSG	Expansion in 10% pHPL-containing media, resuspended in extracellular matrix (Millipore), admixed with ECFC	BM 1.5 x 106 + 1.5 x 106 ECFC	Subcutaneous injection	8 weeks post MSC transplantation	Iv	UCB-MNC: 2 x 106 MOLM13: 2 x 106	Sublethal irradiation	41
NSG	Expansion in 10% pHPL-containing media, gene knock-down in MSC prior to transplantation, resuspended in extracellular matrix (Millipore), admixed with ECFC	BM 1.5 x 106 + 1.5 x 106 ECFC	Subcutaneous injection	8 weeks post MSC transplantation	iv	MOLM13: 2 x 106 Nalm6: 2 x 106	Sublethal irradiation	40
BRG	Expansion in 5% pHPL-containing media, seeded onto biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) particles, incubated for an additional 7 days in vitro in osteogenic media	BM 2 x 105 MSCs	Surgical implantation	8 weeks post MSC transplantation	Intracardiac intraossicle	UCB-CD34: 1 x 105 – 5 x 105 MM: 1 x 106 – 5 x 106	none	31
BRG & NSG	Expansion in 5% pHPL-containing media, seeded onto biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) particles, incubated for an additional 7 days in vitro in osteogenic media	BM 2 x 105 MSCs	Surgical implantation	8 weeks post MSC transplantation	Intraossicle	AML: 5 x 104 – 4 x 106	Sublethal irradiation	27
NSG	Expansion in 5% pHPL-containing media, seeded onto biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) particles, incubated for an additional 7 days in vitro in osteogenic media	BM 2 x 105 MSCs	Surgical implantation	8 weeks post MSC transplantation	Intraossicle	UCB-CD34 transduced with BCR-ABL or MLL-AF9	Sublethal irradiation	42
NSG	Expansion in 10% FBS containing media, seeded onto medical-grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) scaffolds coated with calcium phosphate (CaP), 4 weeks static, 4 week bioreactor	BM 3 x 105 MSCs	Surgical implantation	10 weeks post MSC transplantation	Iv (retro-orbital)	UCB-CD34: 1.3 x 106	Sublethal irradiation	32
NSG	Expansion in 10% FBS containing media, seeded onto medical-grade polycaprolactone (mPCL) scaffolds coated with calcium phosphate (CaP), 6–8 weeks differentiation in bioreactor, supplemented with rhBMP7	BM 3 x 105 MSCs	Surgical implantation	Up to 14 weeks post transplantation	Iv (retro-orbital)	UCB/BM-CD34: 1 x 104 – 2 x 105	Sublethal irradiation	33
SCID-beige	Expansion in 10% FBS-containing media, 21 days of chondrogenic differentiation in Pellet culture	BM 3 x 105 MSCs	Surgical implantation	3 weeks post transplantation	iv	UCB-CD34: 3 x 105	Sublethal irradiation	37
NSG	Expansion in 10% FBS-containing media, Seeding onto collagen sponges, culture for 2-7 days	BM 1 x 105	Surgical implantation	48 hours before implantation	Intraossicle	UCB-CD34: 5 x 104 AML: 5 x 104 – 1 x 106	none	28

BM: Bone Marrow, iv: intravenous; NSG: NOD-SCID IL-2Rγc-/-, BRG: BALB/c Rag2-/- IL-2Rγc-/-; MSC: Mesenchymal Stromal Cells, ECFC: Endothelial Colony Forming Cells, UCB: Umbilical Cord Blood, AML: Acute Myeloid Leukemia, PMF: Primary Myelofibrosis, pHPL: pooled Human Platelet Lysate; FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum