Table 2.

Adjusted means (95% CI) of aorta-femoral pulse wave velocity and its changes by asthma

Outcomes	Models	Without Asthma	With Asthma	P
af-PWV, m/s
	Model 1†	6.20 (5.61, 6.79)	6.89 (6.06, 7.73)	0.04
	Model 1† + SBP	6.19 (5.60, 6.78)	6.87 (6.04, 7.70)	0.04
	Model 1† + BMI	6.08 (5.48, 6.68)	6.73 (5.89, 7.57)	0.05
	Model 1† + SBP + BMI	6.13 (5.53, 6.72)	6.78 (5.95, 7.62)	0.05
Δaf-PWV‡, m/s
	Model 1‡	3.60 (−0.91, 8.11)	9.52 (2.82, 16.22)	0.03
	Model 1‡ + SBP	2.98 (−2.67, 8.62)	9.06 (1.22, 16.90)	0.04
	Model 1‡ + BMI	2.95 (−2.70, 8.60)	8.99 (1.15, 16.83)	0.04
	Model 1‡ + SBP + BMI	2.95 (−2.73, 8.63)	8.99 (1.11, 16.88)	0.04

af-PWV, aorta-femoral pulse wave velocity; Δaf-PWV, longitudinal changes in aorta-femoral pulse wave velocity; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure.

^†Model 1 used a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) in participants with asthma (n=169) or without asthma (n=1577), controlled for age (yrs), gender (male/female), race (black/white), smoking status (current smokers/non-current smokers), use of antihypertensive medicine (Yes/No), medication for dyslipidemia (Yes/No), medication for glycemia (Yes/No), total cholesterol (mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL), fasting glucose (mg/dL), and heart rate (beats per min) as fixed effects, as well as individual ID as random effects.

^‡The time interval between the first and last PWV measurement was ranged from 5.0 to 16.1 years (median=11.5). Model 1 used a generalized linear model (GLM) in participants with asthma (n=32) or without asthma (n=402), controlled for age (yrs), interval time between the first and the last af-PWV measurements (yrs), gender (male/female), race (black/white), smoking status (current smokers/non-current smokers), use of antihypertensive medicine (Yes/No), total cholesterol (mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL), fasting glucose (mg/dL), heart rate (beats per min), and PWV at baseline (m/s).