Fig. 3. Comparison of the first-generation ML model and PCTs.

(A) Prediction of high GFL based on the theories of Yang and Zhang (10). (B) Prediction of GFL based on efficient packing model (12). The white line is the ideal packing prediction, the purple band shows 1% deviation from ideal packing, and the green band shows 2% deviation from ideal packing. (C) Prediction of GFL from ML model with incorporation of the two PCTs (stacked + PCT).