Figure 5.

Exogenous estrogen suppresses orosomucoid (ORM) expression and muscle endurance. (a) Estrogen level in the serum of male and female C57BL/6J mice treated with or without subcutaneous injections of E2 for 15 days at a dose of 0.5 mg kg⁻¹ (n=7−9/group). (b, c) Basal ORM level in serum (b), liver and muscle (c) of mice treated as mentioned in (a) (n=3−8/group). (d) Swimming times of mice treated as mentioned in (a) (n=10–16/group). (e, f) Swimming-induced ORM levels in serum (e), liver and muscle (f) of mice treated as mentioned in (a) (n=4−7/group). (g, h) Representative records of electrically evoked contractions of soleus muscle isolated from wild-type mice treated as mentioned in (a) (n=6−9/group). (i, j) Representative records of electrically evoked contractions of soleus muscle isolated from ORM1-deficient mice treated as mentioned in (a) (n=6/group). Data are presented as the means±s.e.m. For (e), **P<0.01 by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with least significant difference (LSD) t-test. For (a, b, d), *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 by Friedman M-test.