. 2018 Mar 26;7:e32208. doi: 10.7554/eLife.32208

Table 1. Associations with death in 817 subjects with admission retinal exam and retinopathy-positive paediatric cerebral malaria, 137 of whom died and 680 survived.

Retinal features are presented for the worse eye. Estimates are from unadjusted logistic regression. p≤0.01 is bold.

Variable name	Units	Died			Survived			Association with death
Variable name	Units	Numerical characteristics			Numerical characteristics			OR	95% CI	p
Demographics
Age (median, IQR)	months	35	23–59	136	39	27–58.75	680	0.99	0.00–1.00	0.43
Weight (median, IQR)	kg	11	9–15	137	12	10–15	680	0.97	0.93–1.02	0.22
Height (median, IQR)	cm	89	79–103	135	92	83–103	671	0.99	0.98–1.00	0.15
Sex (%)	boy	48.9		66	50.29		680	1.06	0.73–1.53	0.77
Sex (%)	girl	51.1		69	49.71
Clinical
Coma score (%)	0	23.3		32	9.85		67	3.57	2.13–5.88	<0.001
	1	41.6		57	37.7		256	2.13	1.28–3.57	0.003
	2	35.0		48	52.5		357	reference
Respiratory distress (%)	Present	48.9		67	39.0		265	1.5	1.04–2.17	0.03
Respiratory distress (%)	Absent	51.1		70	61.0		415	1.5	1.04–2.17	0.03
Convulsions at admission (%)	Present	12.4		17	14.9		98	0.83	0.45–1.44	0.51
Convulsions at admission (%)	Absent	87.6		120	85.4		574	0.83	0.45–1.44	0.51
Temperature (median, IQR)	degrees C	38.7	37.8–39.5	137	38.9	38–39.7	680	0.89	0.77–1.03	0.12
Systolic BP (median, IQR)	mmHg	100	90–110	127	100	90–110	652	0.99	0.99–1.01	0.63
Pulse (median, IQR)	beats/min	156	136.5–170.5	137	152	136.75–169	678	1.0	0.99–1.01	0.98
Duration of coma (median, IQR)	Hours	7	4–18	110	7	4–17	558	0.99	0.98–1.01	0.29
Duration of fever (median, IQR)	Hours	48	33.25–72	130	60	43.25–72	652	0.99	0.99–1.00	0.09
Hypoglycaemia on ward (%)	Present	14.6		20	7.81		53	2.02	1.16–3.5	0.012
Hypoglycaemia on ward (%)	Absent	85.4		117	92.1		626	2.02	1.16–3.5	0.012
Laboratory
Parasitaemia (median, IQR)	#cells	79052	16695–357000	134	68076	11700–298000	649	1.0	0.99–1.00	0.27
White cell count (median, IQR)	#cells	11300	6925–18225	120	9200	6600–13725	630	1.0	1.00–1.00	0.004
Haematocrit (median, IQR)	%	19.5	15–24.75	136	20	15.8–25	673	0.99	0.97–1.02	0.69
Lactate (median, IQR)	mmol/L	8.75	5.38–12.78	92	5.3	3.2–9.9	519	1.11	1.06–1.16	<0.001
HRP2 (median, IQR)	ng/ml	8838.5	4435.5–15102.3	120	5765	2471.5–10031	609	1.0	1.00–1.00	0.004
HIV (%)	Positive	22.5		29	14.9		88	1.66	1.03–2.66	0.036
HIV (%)	Negative	77.5		100	85.1		503	1.66	1.03–2.66	0.036
Ophthalmoscopy
Retinal haemorrhage (%)	>50	16.0		22	4.7		32	3.4	1.78–6.5	<0.001
	21 to 50	11.0		15	6.50		44	1.69	0.85–3.34	0.14
	6 to 20	13.1		18	19.0		129	0.69	0.38–1.27	0.23
	1 to 5	32.9		45	42.9		291	0.76	0.48–1.23	0.27
	None	27.0		37	27.0		183	reference
Macular whitening (%)	>1	23.9		32	14.8		100	2.31	1.16–4.59	0.017
	1/3 to 1	28.4		38	25.1		170	1.61	0.83–3.12	0.16
	<1/3	37.3		50	45.2		306	1.18	0.63–2.22	0.61
	None	10.5		14	14.9		101	reference
Foveal whitening (% of foveal zone)	>2/3	23.3		31	11.5		78	3.39	1.83–6.26	<0.001
	1/3 to 2/3	18.1		24	15.2		103	1.99	1.05–3.74	0.03
	<1/3	42.8		57	46.8		316	1.54	0.90–2.62	0.11
	none	15.8		21	26.5		179	reference
Temporal whitening (%)	3	10.0		13	12.9		87	0.83	0.41–1.66	0.60
	2	24.6		32	18.4		124	1.43	0.83–2.47	0.20
	1	41.5		54	43.1		290	1.03	0.64–1.67	0.89
	none	23.9		31	25.6		172	reference
Orange vessels, temporal quadrant (%)	present	44.6		58	21.7		145	2.9	1.96–4.3	<0.001
Orange vessels, temporal quadrant (%)	absent	55.4		72	78.3		523	2.9	1.96–4.3	<0.001
White vessels, temporal quadrant (%)	present	25.4		33	24.3		162	1.06	0.69–1.64	0.78
White vessels, temporal quadrant (%)	absent	74.6		97	75.8		506	1.06	0.69–1.64	0.78
White capillaries (%)	present	26.9		35	33.1		221	0.75	0.49–1.13	0.17
White capillaries (%)	absent	73.1		95	66.9		447	0.75	0.49–1.13	0.17
Papilloedema (%)	present	39.0		53	21.8		148	2.29	1.55–3.38	<0.001
Papilloedema (%)	absent	61.0		83	78.2		530	2.29	1.55–3.38	<0.001
Disc hyperaemia (%)	present	48.7		54	35.3		212	1.73	1.15–2.61	0.008
Disc hyperaemia (%)	absent	51.4		57	64.7		388	1.73	1.15–2.61	0.008