Table 3. Retinal pathological features and scores for 29 study subjects in the clinicopathology dataset.
|
Case n. |
MR* Grade | Eye† | Vessel changes | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Q)‡ | Vessels§ | Localization# | Haem¶ | Macular whitening¥ | Central retinal whitening (overall score)** | Peripheral whitening (score) | Whitening: retinal quadrants | Papill- oedemah†† (score) | |||
| 1 | 2 | RE | 4 Q | Ven + Cap | All quadrants | >50 | 1/3–1 DA | 4 | 3 | 4 Q | 2 |
| 2 | 2 | RE | 4 Q | Ven + Cap | All quadrants | 1–5 | ≥1 DA | 6 | 3 | 4 Q | 2 |
| 3 | 2 | LE | 4 Q | Ven | All quadrants | 1–5 | ≥1 DA | 6 | 1.75 | 4 Q | 2 |
| 4 | 2 | RE | 4 Q | Ven | All quadrants | >50 | 1/3–1 DA | 5 | 1.5 | T + N | 0 |
| 5 | 2 | RE | 3 Q | Ven + Cap | T + N + S | 1–5 | ≥1 DA | 6 | 2.7 | T + N + S | 0 |
| 6 | 2 | RE | 2 Q | Ven | T + S | >50 | <1/3 DA | 2 | 0.75 | T + S | 2 |
| 7 | 2 | LE | None | None | 0 | 6–20 | ≥1 DA | 6 | 0.25 | T | 2 |
| 8 | 2 | RE | None | None | 0 | 0 | ≥1 DA | 6 | 2 | 4 Q | 2 |
| 9 | 2 | LE | 4 Q | Ven + Cap | All quadrants | 0 | ≥1 DA | 6 | 1 | 4 Q | 0 |
| 10 | 2 | LE | None | None | 0 | 21–50 | 1/3–1 DA | 4 | 1.5 | 4 Q | 0 |
| 11 | 2 | LE | 3 Q | NA | NA | 0 | ≥1 DA | 4 | 2 | 4 Q | 0 |
| 12 | 2 | LE | None | None | 0 | 6–20 | 1/3–1 DA | 4 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| 13 | 2 | LE | None | None | 0 | 1–5 | ≥1 DA | 6 | 1 | 4 Q | 0 |
| 14 | 2 | RE | NA | NA | NA | 1–5 | 1/3–1 DA | 4 | NA | NA | 2 |
| 15 | 2 | LE | 3 Q | Ven + Cap | T + N + S | 1–5 | <1/3 DA | 2 | 0.7 | T + N + S | 0 |
| 16 | 2 | LE | 3 Q | Ven | T + N + S | 1–5 | <1/3 DA | 2 | 0.5 | I + N | 0 |
| 17 | 1 | RE | 1 Q | None | 0 | 0 | <1/3 DA | 2 | 1 | T + S | 2 |
| 18 | 1 | RE | 1 Q | Cap | T | 0 | <1/3 DA | 2 | 1 | 4Q | 0 |
| 19 | 1 | RE | None | None | 0 | 1–5 | <1/3 DA | 2 | 1 | T + N | 0 |
| 20 | 1 | LE | None | None | 0 | 1–5 | <1/3 DA | 2 | 0 | NA | 0 |
| 21 | 1 | LE | None | None | 0 | None | None | 0 | 0.25 | 0 | 0 |
| 22 | 0 | RE | None | None | 0 | None | None | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 23 | 0 | LE | None | None | 0 | None | None | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 24 | 0 | RE | None | None | 0 | None | None | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 25 | 0 | LE | None | None | 0 | None | None | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 26 | 0 | LE | None | None | 0 | None | None | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 27 | 0 | RE | None | None | 0 | None | None | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 28 | 0 | LE | None | None | 0 | None | None | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 29 | 0 | RE | None | None | 0 | >50 | None | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
*MR = malarial retinopathy. Grade was defined based on percentage of retinal vessels with sequestration (Beare et al., 2004) as explained in Methods. Last peripheral parasitaemia (expressed as asexual pRBCs/μl blood), geometric means reported) was: 42,200 (Grade 0), 43,212 (Grade 1) and 9357 (Grade 2).
†Eye: RE = right eye; LE = left eye vessel changes:.
‡(Q)=number of retinal quadrants affected.
§Vessels: Ven = venules; Cap = capillaries.
#Localisation of vessel changes: I = inferior; N = Nasal; S = superior; T = temporal.
¶Haem = no. of retinal haemorrhages.
¥Extent of whitening is shown for macula in disc areas (DA).
**Central whitening (overall score)=sum of macular and foveal whitening scores assigned as: 1 =<1/3 DA or FA, 2 = 1/3–1 DA or 1/3-2/3FA, 3 =>1 DA or >2/3FA.
††Papilloedema is the swelling of optic disc caused by increased intracranial pressure. The significance of papilloedema in cerebral malaria is not clear; however, it is the strongest risk factor for poor outcome among comatose children with clinical cerebral malaria.